{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140147066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","title":"The Prosocial Ranking Challenge: Reducing Polarization on Social Media without Sacrificing Engagement","display_name":"The Prosocial Ranking Challenge: Reducing Polarization on Social Media without Sacrificing Engagement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140147066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075221940","display_name":"Jonathan Stray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4467-1239"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stray, Jonathan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044812909","display_name":"Ian S. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-7202"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baker, Ian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084736293","display_name":"George Beknazar-Yuzbashev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-6765"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beknazar-Yuzbashev, George","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086827245","display_name":"Ceren Budak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-3217"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Budak, Ceren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049969151","display_name":"Julia Kamin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamin, Julia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130366485","display_name":"Kylan Rutherford","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rutherford, Kylan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130363474","display_name":"Mateusz Stalinski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stalinski, Mateusz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095762171","display_name":"Tin Acosta","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Acosta, Tin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110935929","display_name":"Chris Bail","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bail, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130397777","display_name":"Michael Bernstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernstein, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130372241","display_name":"Mark Brandt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brandt, Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072925582","display_name":"Amy Bruckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-7047"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruckman, Amy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130380353","display_name":"Anshuman Chhabra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chhabra, Anshuman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036322364","display_name":"Soham De","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-1335"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De, Soham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130332906","display_name":"Kayla Duskin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duskin, Kayla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109636511","display_name":"Sara Fish","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fish, Sara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054704736","display_name":"Beth Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-6702"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goldberg, Beth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130332235","display_name":"Andy Guess","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guess, Andy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076757561","display_name":"Dylan Hadfield-Menell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-4763"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadfield-Menell, Dylan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130327202","display_name":"Muhammed Haroon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haroon, Muhammed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101918330","display_name":"Safwan Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-6651"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossain, Safwan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130349895","display_name":"Michael Inzlicht","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inzlicht, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130332236","display_name":"Gauri Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jain, Gauri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130359557","display_name":"Yanchen Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Yanchen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048245297","display_name":"Alexander Landry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-7326"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Landry, Alexander P.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072808120","display_name":"Yph Lelkes","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lelkes, Yph","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029263968","display_name":"Hongen Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Hongfan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001852727","display_name":"Peter Mason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8732-8636"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mason, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130364139","display_name":"Jennifer McCoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McCoy, Jennifer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070509173","display_name":"Smitha Milli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0395-7025"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milli, Smitha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050228339","display_name":"Paul Resnick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-0600"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Resnick, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055634477","display_name":"Emily Saltz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-6694"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saltz, Emily","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130331937","display_name":"Martin Saveski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saveski, Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046813142","display_name":"Lisa Schirch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-0473"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schirch, Lisa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041379920","display_name":"Max Spohn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spohn, Max","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130384107","display_name":"Siddarth Srinivasan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasan, Siddarth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130329124","display_name":"Alexis Tatore","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatore, Alexis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130399681","display_name":"Luke Thorburn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorburn, Luke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072046918","display_name":"Joshua A. Tucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8650"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tucker, Joshua A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130359104","display_name":"Robb Willer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willer, Robb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130398442","display_name":"Magdalena Wojcieszak","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojcieszak, Magdalena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130394338","display_name":"Manuel W\u00fcthrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W\u00fcthrich, Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130360343","display_name":"Sylvan Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Sylvan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":43,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075221940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.476500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.476500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.08799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.07810000330209732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","score":0.6531000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.49410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-comparison-theory","display_name":"Social comparison theory","score":0.3732999861240387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.6531000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5220999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.49410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178233286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645999","display_name":"Social comparison theory","level":2,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51271553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842917","display_name":"Outgroup","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Online discussion","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107344746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375181","display_name":"Ingroups and outgroups","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129484327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177603","display_name":"Social perception","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5801052451133728,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,20,101,127],"report":[1],"the":[2,62,93,169],"first":[3],"direct":[4],"comparisons":[5],"of":[6,17,46,72,78,119,133,149,173],"multiple":[7,13],"alternative":[8,48],"social":[9,33,135,174],"media":[10,34,136],"algorithms":[11,50],"on":[12,15,142],"platforms":[14,57],"outcomes":[16,164],"societal":[18,163],"interest.":[19],"used":[21],"a":[22,41,86],"browser":[23],"extension":[24],"to":[25,31,40],"modify":[26],"which":[27,51],"posts":[28],"were":[29],"shown":[30],"desktop":[32],"users,":[35],"randomly":[36],"assigning":[37],"9,386":[38],"users":[39],"control":[42],"group":[43],"or":[44],"one":[45],"five":[47],"ranking":[49],"simultaneously":[52],"altered":[53],"content":[54,159],"across":[55],"three":[56],"for":[58,108,125,152],"six":[59],"months":[60],"during":[61],"US":[63],"2024":[64],"presidential":[65],"election.":[66],"This":[67,155],"reduced":[68],"our":[69],"preregistered":[70],"index":[71],"affective":[73],"polarization":[74],"by":[75],"an":[76,117,129],"average":[77],"0.03":[79],"standard":[80],"deviations":[81],"(p":[82,122],"<":[83,123],"0.05),":[84],"including":[85],"1.5":[87],"degree":[88],"decrease":[89],"in":[90,104,131],"differences":[91],"between":[92],"100":[94],"point":[95],"inparty":[96],"and":[97,112,150],"outparty":[98],"feeling":[99],"thermometers.":[100],"saw":[102,128],"reductions":[103],"active":[105],"use":[106],"time":[107],"Facebook":[109],"(-0.37":[110],"min/day)":[111],"Reddit":[113],"(-0.2":[114],"min/day),":[115],"but":[116,138],"increase":[118,130],"0.32":[120],"min/day":[121],"0.01)":[124],"X/Twitter.":[126],"reports":[132],"negative":[134],"experiences":[137],"found":[139],"no":[140],"effects":[141],"well-being,":[143],"news":[144],"knowledge,":[145],"outgroup":[146],"empathy,":[147],"perceptions":[148],"support":[151],"partisan":[153],"violence.":[154],"implies":[156],"that":[157],"bridging":[158],"can":[160],"improve":[161],"some":[162],"without":[165],"necessarily":[166],"conflicting":[167],"with":[168],"engagement-driven":[170],"business":[171],"model":[172],"media.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}