{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140072539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","title":"CAF-Score: Calibrating CLAP with LALMs for Reference-free Audio Captioning Evaluation","display_name":"CAF-Score: Calibrating CLAP with LALMs for Reference-free Audio Captioning Evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140072539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130338431","display_name":"Insung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Insung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130338113","display_name":"Taeyoung Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong, Taeyoung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130382021","display_name":"Haejun Yoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoo, Haejun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130401153","display_name":"Du-Seong Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang, Du-Seong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130332621","display_name":"Myoung-Wan Koo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koo, Myoung-Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.4880000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.4880000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.13940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.13830000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.8492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5771999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.3984000086784363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.8492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5771999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986991398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntactic structure","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542774811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10880526","display_name":"Prosody","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Large":[1],"Audio-Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(LALMs)":[4],"have":[5],"advanced":[6],"audio":[7,106],"captioning,":[8],"robust":[9],"evaluation":[10],"remains":[11],"difficult.":[12],"Reference-based":[13],"metrics":[14],"are":[15,112],"expensive":[16],"and":[17,34,53,71,110],"often":[18],"fail":[19],"to":[20],"assess":[21],"acoustic":[22],"fidelity,":[23],"while":[24],"Contrastive":[25],"Language-Audio":[26],"Pretraining":[27],"(CLAP)-based":[28],"approaches":[29],"frequently":[30],"overlook":[31],"syntactic":[32,54,69],"errors":[33],"fine-grained":[35,51],"details.":[36],"We":[37],"propose":[38],"CAF-Score,":[39],"a":[40],"reference-free":[41,105],"metric":[42],"that":[43,80],"calibrates":[44],"CLAP's":[45],"coarse-grained":[46],"semantic":[47],"alignment":[48],"with":[49,63,87],"the":[50,76,84,100],"comprehension":[52],"awareness":[55],"of":[56,102],"LALMs.":[57],"By":[58],"combining":[59],"contrastive":[60],"audio-text":[61],"embeddings":[62],"LALM":[64],"reasoning,":[65],"CAF-Score":[66,103],"effectively":[67],"detects":[68],"inconsistencies":[70],"subtle":[72],"hallucinations.":[73],"Experiments":[74],"on":[75],"BRACE":[77],"benchmark":[78],"demonstrate":[79],"our":[81],"approach":[82],"achieves":[83],"highest":[85],"correlation":[86],"human":[88],"judgments,":[89],"even":[90],"outperforming":[91],"reference-based":[92],"baselines":[93],"in":[94],"challenging":[95],"scenarios.":[96],"These":[97],"results":[98,111],"highlight":[99],"efficacy":[101],"for":[104],"captioning":[107],"evaluation.":[108],"Code":[109],"available":[113],"at":[114],"https://github.com/inseong00/CAF-Score.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}
