{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140102748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","title":"Framing Effects in Independent-Agent Large Language Models: A Cross-Family Behavioral Analysis","display_name":"Framing Effects in Independent-Agent Large Language Models: A Cross-Family Behavioral Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140102748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104218125","display_name":"Zice Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zice","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130331081","display_name":"Zhenyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zhenyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.156700000166893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.156700000166893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.131400004029274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.08299999684095383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.8154000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing-effect","display_name":"Framing effect","score":0.7940999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rationality","display_name":"Rationality","score":0.5418000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-analysis","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","score":0.2978000044822693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.8154000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136714292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440683","display_name":"Framing effect","level":3,"score":0.7940999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.5418000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109574028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647525","display_name":"Behavioral economics","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127759","display_name":"Cognitive bias","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70846408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220433","display_name":"Logical equivalence","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,17],"many":[1],"real-world":[2],"applications,":[3],"large":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6],"(LLMs)":[7],"operate":[8],"as":[9,103],"independent":[10],"agents":[11],"without":[12],"interaction,":[13],"thereby":[14],"limiting":[15],"coordination.":[16],"this":[18],"setting,":[19],"we":[20],"examine":[21],"how":[22],"prompt":[23,55,116],"framing":[24,56,101],"influences":[25,58],"decisions":[26],"in":[27,108],"a":[28,82,86,104],"threshold":[29],"voting":[30],"task":[31],"involving":[32],"individual-group":[33],"interest":[34],"conflict.":[35],"Two":[36],"logically":[37,73],"equivalent":[38,74],"prompts":[39],"with":[40,85],"different":[41],"framings":[42],"were":[43],"tested":[44],"across":[45],"diverse":[46],"LLM":[47,111],"families":[48],"under":[49],"isolated":[50],"trials.":[51],"Results":[52],"show":[53],"that":[54,78],"significantly":[57],"choice":[59],"distributions,":[60],"often":[61],"shifting":[62],"preferences":[63],"toward":[64],"risk-averse":[65],"options.":[66],"Surface":[67],"linguistic":[68],"cues":[69],"can":[70],"even":[71],"override":[72],"formulations.":[75],"This":[76],"suggests":[77],"observed":[79],"behavior":[80],"reflects":[81],"tendency":[83],"consistent":[84],"preference":[87],"for":[88],"instrumental":[89],"rather":[90],"than":[91],"cooperative":[92],"rationality":[93],"when":[94],"success":[95],"requires":[96],"risk-bearing.":[97],"The":[98],"findings":[99],"highlight":[100],"effects":[102],"significant":[105],"bias":[106],"source":[107],"non-interacting":[109],"multi-agent":[110],"deployments,":[112],"informing":[113],"alignment":[114],"and":[115],"design.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}
