{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139926955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","title":"ProRL Agent: Rollout-as-a-Service for RL Training of Multi-Turn LLM Agents","display_name":"ProRL Agent: Rollout-as-a-Service for RL Training of Multi-Turn LLM Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139926955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130225938","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130240679","display_name":"Mingjie Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Mingjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130233387","display_name":"Shaokun Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Shaokun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026925915","display_name":"Songyang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-4832"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Songyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130234414","display_name":"Jian Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130214942","display_name":"Zhenghui Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Zhenghui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130238110","display_name":"Yuchi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058966093","display_name":"Shizhe Diao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-9209"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diao, Shizhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130221179","display_name":"Ximing Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Ximing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004158341","display_name":"Binfeng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Binfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054586129","display_name":"Zhiding Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-996X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Zhiding","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130232539","display_name":"Jan Kautz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kautz, Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130239124","display_name":"Yi Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130225938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.18860000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.18860000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandbox","display_name":"Sandbox (software development)","score":0.7940999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5943999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.40389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2667186","display_name":"Sandbox (software development)","level":2,"score":0.7940999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7128000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5943999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5894958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297769","display_name":"Software agent","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.18815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6265727877616882,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-turn":[0],"LLM":[1],"agents":[2],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"important":[5],"for":[6,19],"solving":[7],"complex,":[8],"interactive":[9],"tasks,":[10],"and":[11,35,51,81,106,113],"reinforcement":[12],"learning":[13],"(RL)":[14],"is":[15,111],"a":[16,62],"key":[17],"ingredient":[18],"improving":[20],"their":[21],"long-horizon":[22],"behavior.":[23],"However,":[24],"RL":[25,99],"training":[26,44,100],"requires":[27],"generating":[28],"large":[29],"numbers":[30],"of":[31,117],"sandboxed":[32],"rollout":[33,40,70],"trajectories,":[34],"existing":[36],"infrastructures":[37],"often":[38],"couple":[39],"orchestration":[41],"with":[42],"the":[43,54,67],"loop,":[45],"making":[46],"systems":[47],"hard":[48],"to":[49],"migrate":[50],"maintain.":[52],"Under":[53],"rollout-as-a-service":[55],"philosophy,":[56],"we":[57],"present":[58],"ProRL":[59,76,96,109],"Agent":[60,77,97,110],",":[61],"scalable":[63],"infrastructure":[64],"that":[65,85],"serves":[66],"full":[68],"agentic":[69,88],"lifecycle":[71],"through":[72,98],"an":[73],"API":[74],"service.":[75],"also":[78],"provides":[79],"standardized":[80],"extensible":[82],"sandbox":[83],"environments":[84],"support":[86],"diverse":[87],"tasks":[89],"in":[90],"rootless":[91],"HPC":[92],"settings.":[93],"We":[94],"validate":[95],"on":[101],"software":[102],"engineering,":[103],"math,":[104],"STEM,":[105],"coding":[107],"tasks.":[108],"open-sourced":[112],"integrated":[114],"as":[115],"part":[116],"NVIDIA":[118],"NeMo":[119],"Gym.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-21T00:00:00"}
