{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138908042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","title":"Only relative ranks matter in weight-clustered large language models","display_name":"Only relative ranks matter in weight-clustered large language models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138908042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058017085","display_name":"Borja Aizpurua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7510-1192"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aizpurua, Borja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Singh, Sukhbinder","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Singh, Sukhbinder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020314133","display_name":"Rom\u00e1n Or\u00fas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-8115"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Or\u00fas, Rom\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058017085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.15379999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.15379999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.125900000333786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.11590000241994858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.46549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5614203810691833,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"contain":[4],"billions":[5],"of":[6,25,42,101,123,133],"parameters,":[7],"yet":[8],"many":[9,163],"exact":[10],"values":[11,60,75],"are":[12,143,165],"not":[13],"essential.":[14],"We":[15,109],"show":[16],"that":[17,172],"what":[18],"matters":[19],"most":[20],"is":[21,29],"the":[22,40,94,102,120,124,159,177],"relative":[23,121],"rank":[24,175,197],"weights-whether":[26],"one":[27],"connection":[28],"stronger":[30],"or":[31],"weaker":[32],"than":[33,35],"another-rather":[34],"precise":[36],"magnitudes.":[37],"To":[38],"reduce":[39],"number":[41],"unique":[43],"weight":[44,48,55,201],"values,":[45],"we":[46],"apply":[47],"clustering":[49],"to":[50,71,86],"pretrained":[51],"models,":[52],"replacing":[53],"every":[54],"matrix":[56,70],"with":[57,190],"K":[58],"shared":[59],"from":[61],"K-means.":[62],"For":[63],"Llama":[64],"3.1-8B-Instruct":[65],"and":[66,141,155,199,218],"SmolLM2-135M,":[67],"reducing":[68],"each":[69],"only":[72,93],"16-64":[73],"distinct":[74],"preserves":[76,195],"strong":[77],"accuracy":[78,104],"without":[79],"retraining,":[80],"providing":[81],"a":[82,191,212],"simple,":[83],"training-free":[84],"method":[85],"compress":[87],"LLMs":[88],"on":[89,215],"disk.":[90],"Optionally":[91],"fine-tuning":[92],"cluster":[95,113],"means":[96,114],"(centroids)":[97],"recovers":[98],"30-40":[99],"percent":[100],"remaining":[103],"gap":[105],"at":[106,153],"minimal":[107],"cost.":[108],"then":[110],"systematically":[111],"randomize":[112],"while":[115],"keeping":[116],"assignments":[117],"fixed.":[118],"Scrambling":[119],"ranks":[122],"clusters":[125],"degrades":[126],"quality":[127],"sharply-perplexity":[128],"can":[129,203],"increase":[130],"by":[131],"orders":[132],"magnitude-even":[134],"when":[135,162],"global":[136],"statistics":[137],"such":[138],"as":[139],"mean":[140],"variance":[142],"preserved.":[144],"In":[145],"contrast,":[146],"rank-preserving":[147],"randomizations":[148],"cause":[149],"almost":[150],"no":[151],"loss":[152],"mid":[154],"late":[156],"layers.":[157],"On":[158],"other":[160],"hand,":[161],"layers":[164],"perturbed":[166],"simultaneously,":[167],"progressive":[168],"layer-by-layer":[169],"replacement":[170],"reveals":[171],"scale":[173],"drift-not":[174],"distortion-is":[176],"dominant":[178],"collapse":[179],"mechanism;":[180],"however,":[181],"an":[182],"affine":[183],"correction":[184],"w'":[185],"=":[186],"aw":[187],"+":[188],"b":[189],">":[192],"0":[193],"(which":[194],"both":[196],"order":[198],"overall":[200],"distribution)":[202],"substantially":[204],"delay":[205],"this":[206],"drift.":[207],"This":[208],"rank-based":[209],"perspective":[210],"offers":[211],"new":[213],"lens":[214],"model":[216],"compression":[217],"robustness.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}