{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139014777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","title":"Large Language Models in Teaching and Learning: Reflections on Implementing an AI Chatbot in Higher Education","display_name":"Large Language Models in Teaching and Learning: Reflections on Implementing an AI Chatbot in Higher Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139014777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071319377","display_name":"Fiammetta Caccavale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-5988"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caccavale, Fiammetta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065707905","display_name":"Carina L. Gargalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-9591"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gargalo, Carina L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014729591","display_name":"Julian Kager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-6678"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kager, Julian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000000532","display_name":"Magdalena Skowyra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-9143"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Skowyra, Magdalena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129775957","display_name":"Steen Larsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larsen, Steen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021629663","display_name":"Krist V. Gernaey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0364-1773"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gernaey, Krist V.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057276095","display_name":"Ulrich Kr\u00fchne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-7442"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kr\u00fchne, Ulrich","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.8155999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.8155999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.7750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.29499998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.7750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5888655781745911,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120,157],"landscape":[1],"of":[2,24,29,71,104,144,150,169,185],"education":[3],"is":[4],"changing":[5],"rapidly,":[6],"shaped":[7],"by":[8,66],"emerging":[9],"pedagogical":[10,167],"approaches,":[11,115],"technological":[12],"innovations":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"artificial":[16],"intelligence":[17],"(AI),":[18],"and":[19,50,147,165,182,189],"evolving":[20],"societal":[21],"expectations,":[22],"all":[23],"which":[25],"demand":[26],"thorough":[27],"evaluation":[28],"new":[30],"educational":[31],"tools.":[32],"Although":[33],"large":[34],"language":[35],"models":[36],"(LLMs)":[37],"present":[38],"substantial":[39],"opportunities":[40,181],"especially":[41],"in":[42,75,87,187,191],"Higher":[43,192],"Education,":[44],"their":[45,51],"propensity":[46],"to":[47,62,93,128],"generate":[48],"hallucinations":[49],"limited":[52],"specialized":[53,173],"knowledge":[54],"may":[55],"introduce":[56],"significant":[57],"risks.":[58],"This":[59],"study":[60],"aims":[61],"address":[63,123],"these":[64],"risks":[65],"examining":[67],"the":[68,102,105,136,142,148,151,166,178],"practical":[69],"implementation":[70],"an":[72],"LLM-enhanced":[73],"assistant":[74,85],"a":[76,82,88,95,117,139],"university":[77],"level":[78],"course.":[79],"We":[80],"implemented":[81],"generative":[83],"AI":[84],"grounded":[86],"retrieval-augmented":[89],"generation":[90],"(RAG)":[91],"model":[92],"replicate":[94],"previously":[96],"teacher-led,":[97],"time-intensive":[98],"exercise.":[99],"To":[100],"assess":[101],"effectiveness":[103],"LLM,":[106],"we":[107,176],"conducted":[108],"three":[109],"separate":[110],"experiments":[111],"through":[112],"iterative":[113],"mixed-methods":[114],"including":[116],"crossover":[118],"design.":[119],"resulting":[121],"data":[122],"central":[124],"research":[125],"questions":[126],"related":[127],"student":[129],"motivation,":[130],"perceived":[131],"differences":[132],"between":[133],"engaging":[134],"with":[135],"LLM":[137,152],"versus":[138],"human":[140],"teacher,":[141],"quality":[143],"AI-generated":[145],"responses,":[146],"impact":[149],"on":[153],"students'":[154,163],"academic":[155],"performance.":[156],"results":[158],"offer":[159],"direct":[160],"insights":[161],"into":[162,172],"views":[164],"feasibility":[168],"embedding":[170],"LLMs":[171,186],"courses.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"discuss":[177],"main":[179],"challenges,":[180],"future":[183],"directions":[184],"teaching":[188],"learning":[190],"Education.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}