{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139138783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","title":"Predicting Trajectories of Long COVID in Adult Women: The Critical Role of Causal Disentanglement","display_name":"Predicting Trajectories of Long COVID in Adult Women: The Critical Role of Causal Disentanglement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139138783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129953421","display_name":"Jing Wang (RN)","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129866319","display_name":"Jie Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123003876","display_name":"Yiming Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Yiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056448567","display_name":"Amar Sra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sra, Amar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008882694","display_name":"Qiaomin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-6866"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Qiaomin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129872820","display_name":"Jeremy C. Weiss","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiss, Jeremy C.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11987","display_name":"COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.7663000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-study","display_name":"Longitudinal study","score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-data","display_name":"Longitudinal data","score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.7663000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Menopause","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779277585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2673323","display_name":"Malaise","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987525970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96374569","display_name":"Causal analysis","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49150508642196655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"prediction":[1],"of":[2,5,48,67,97],"Post-Acute":[3],"Sequelae":[4],"SARS-CoV-2":[6],"severity":[7,101],"is":[8,36],"a":[9,45,78,83,95],"critical":[10],"challenge":[11],"for":[12,32,38],"women's":[13],"health,":[14],"particularly":[15],"given":[16],"the":[17,55,108],"diagnostic":[18],"overlap":[19],"between":[20,113],"PASC":[21,90],"and":[22,30,74,116,124,135],"common":[23],"hormonal":[24],"transitions":[25],"such":[26,121],"as":[27,122],"menopause.":[28],"Identifying":[29],"accounting":[31],"these":[33],"confounding":[34,131],"factors":[35,132],"essential":[37],"accurate":[39],"long-term":[40],"trajectory":[41],"prediction.":[42,102],"We":[43],"conducted":[44],"retrospective":[46],"study":[47],"1,155":[49],"women":[50],"(mean":[51],"age":[52],"61)":[53],"from":[54],"NIH":[56],"RECOVER":[57],"dataset.":[58],"By":[59],"integrating":[60],"static":[61],"clinical":[62,100],"profiles":[63],"with":[64,140],"four":[65],"weeks":[66],"longitudinal":[68],"wearable":[69],"data":[70],"(monitoring":[71],"cardiac":[72],"activity":[73],"sleep),":[75],"we":[76],"developed":[77],"causal":[79,104],"network":[80],"based":[81],"on":[82],"Large":[84],"Language":[85],"Model":[86],"to":[87,111],"predict":[88],"future":[89],"scores.":[91],"Our":[92,103],"framework":[93],"achieved":[94],"precision":[96],"86.7\\%":[98],"in":[99],"attribution":[105],"analysis":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"model's":[109],"ability":[110],"differentiate":[112],"active":[114],"pathology":[115],"baseline":[117],"noise:":[118],"direct":[119],"indicators":[120],"breathlessness":[123],"malaise":[125],"reached":[126],"maximum":[127],"saliency":[128,141],"(1.00),":[129],"while":[130],"like":[133],"menopause":[134],"diabetes":[136],"were":[137],"successfully":[138],"suppressed":[139],"scores":[142],"below":[143],"0.27.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
