{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138956049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","title":"Deploying Semantic ID-based Generative Retrieval for Large-Scale Podcast Discovery at Spotify","display_name":"Deploying Semantic ID-based Generative Retrieval for Large-Scale Podcast Discovery at Spotify","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138956049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128963044","display_name":"Edoardo D'Amico","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D'Amico, Edoardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081236916","display_name":"Marco De Nadai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-3933"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Nadai, Marco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020257829","display_name":"Praveen Chandar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2199-2631"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandar, Praveen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129909163","display_name":"Divita Vohra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vohra, Divita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130065683","display_name":"Shawn Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Shawn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119556789","display_name":"Max Lefarov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lefarov, Max","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094123631","display_name":"Paul Gigioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1589-9559"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gigioli, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039590940","display_name":"Gustavo Penha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-0800"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penha, Gustavo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130005696","display_name":"Ilya Kopysitsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kopysitsky, Ilya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037370082","display_name":"Ivo Joel Senese","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senese, Ivo Joel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119175142","display_name":"Darren Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei, Darren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129853337","display_name":"Francesco Fabbri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabbri, Francesco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024494636","display_name":"Oguz Semerci","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Semerci, Oguz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129901182","display_name":"Yu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007406710","display_name":"Vincent Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-0877"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130050692","display_name":"Brian St. Thomas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas, Brian St.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129850161","display_name":"Alexandra Ranieri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranieri, Alexandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129778923","display_name":"Matthew N. K. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smith, Matthew N. K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129850403","display_name":"Aaron Bernkopf","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernkopf, Aaron","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129951359","display_name":"Bryan Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung, Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042586538","display_name":"Ghazal Fazelnia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-8465"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazelnia, Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029872439","display_name":"Mark VanMiddlesworth","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VanMiddlesworth, Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013827461","display_name":"Timothy R. Heath","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heath, Timothy Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119556753","display_name":"Petter Pehrson Skid\u00e9n","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Skiden, Petter Pehrson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783310","display_name":"Alice Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8827-3780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Alice Y.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129932298","display_name":"Doug J. Cole","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cole, Doug J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114706123","display_name":"Andreas Damianou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7194-4155"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damianou, Andreas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008657335","display_name":"Maya Hristakeva","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hristakeva, Maya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130055112","display_name":"Reid Wilbur","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilbur, Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130211279","display_name":"Tarun Chillara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chillara, Tarun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085497926","display_name":"Vladan Radosavljevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9128-1101"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radosavljevic, Vladan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003970220","display_name":"Pooja Chitkara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chitkara, Pooja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016509443","display_name":"Sainath Adapa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adapa, Sainath","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024099070","display_name":"Juan Elenter","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elenter, Juan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069079602","display_name":"Bernd Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-2208"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huber, Bernd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130190855","display_name":"Jacqueline Wood","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wood, Jacqueline","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129947676","display_name":"Saaketh Vedantam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vedantam, Saaketh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027458492","display_name":"Jan Stypka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stypka, Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094123630","display_name":"Sandeep Ghael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6646-6954"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghael, Sandeep","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129893112","display_name":"Martin D. Gould","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gould, Martin D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012043584","display_name":"David Murgatroyd","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murgatroyd, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042983657","display_name":"Yves Raimond","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raimond, Yves","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002597222","display_name":"Mounia Lalmas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-3096"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalmas, Mounia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129848323","display_name":"Paul N. Bennett","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bennett, Paul N.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":44,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128963044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.4262000024318695,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.4262000024318695,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.07240000367164612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.04349999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.32760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67712803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901853","display_name":"User modeling","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777946921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449044","display_name":"Semantic analysis (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Podcast":[0],"listening":[1,146],"is":[2],"often":[3],"grounded":[4,135],"in":[5,93,97],"a":[6,73,111,128,138],"set":[7],"of":[8,20,193],"favorite":[9],"shows,":[10],"while":[11,152,215],"listener":[12],"intent":[13,25],"can":[14,63],"evolve":[15],"over":[16,66,127,137],"time.":[17],"This":[18],"combination":[19],"stable":[21,162],"preferences":[22,163],"and":[23,33,43,69,84,102,148,177,180,208,219],"changing":[24],"motivates":[26],"recommendation":[27,122],"approaches":[28],"that":[29,62],"support":[30],"both":[31],"familiarity":[32],"exploration.":[34],"Traditional":[35],"recommender":[36,114],"systems":[37],"typically":[38],"emphasize":[39],"long-term":[40,154],"interaction":[41],"patterns,":[42],"are":[44],"less":[45],"explicitly":[46],"designed":[47],"to":[48,160,206,213],"incorporate":[49],"rich":[50],"contextual":[51,85],"signals":[52],"or":[53],"flexible,":[54],"intent-aware":[55],"discovery":[56,117,210],"objectives.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"setting,":[60],"models":[61],"jointly":[64],"reason":[65],"semantics,":[67],"context,":[68,151],"user":[70,150,155],"state":[71],"offer":[72],"promising":[74],"direction.":[75],"Large":[76],"Language":[77],"Models":[78],"(LLMs)":[79],"provide":[80],"strong":[81],"semantic":[82],"reasoning":[83],"conditioning":[86],"for":[87,115],"discovery-oriented":[88],"recommendation,":[89],"but":[90],"deploying":[91],"them":[92],"production":[94,217],"introduces":[95],"challenges":[96,108],"catalog":[98,130],"grounding,":[99],"user-level":[100],"personalization,":[101],"latency-critical":[103],"serving.":[104],"We":[105,168],"address":[106],"these":[107],"with":[109],"GLIDE,":[110],"production-scale":[112],"generative":[113],"podcast":[116,198],"at":[118],"Spotify.":[119],"GLIDE":[120,170,195],"formulates":[121],"as":[123,157],"an":[124],"instruction-following":[125],"task":[126],"discretized":[129],"using":[131,171],"Semantic":[132],"IDs,":[133],"enabling":[134],"generation":[136],"large":[139],"inventory.":[140],"The":[141],"model":[142],"conditions":[143],"on":[144,200],"recent":[145],"history":[147],"lightweight":[149],"injecting":[153],"embeddings":[156],"soft":[158],"prompts":[159],"capture":[161],"under":[164],"strict":[165],"inference":[166],"constraints.":[167,221],"evaluate":[169],"offline":[172],"retrieval":[173],"metrics,":[174],"human":[175],"judgments,":[176],"LLM-based":[178],"evaluation,":[179],"validate":[181],"its":[182],"impact":[183],"through":[184],"large-scale":[185],"online":[186],"A/B":[187],"testing.":[188],"Across":[189],"experiments":[190],"involving":[191],"millions":[192],"users,":[194],"increases":[196],"non-habitual":[197],"streaming":[199],"Spotify":[201],"home":[202],"surface":[203],"by":[204,211],"up":[205,212],"5.4%":[207],"new-show":[209],"14.3%,":[214],"meeting":[216],"cost":[218],"latency":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
