{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138927505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","title":"Adaptive Encoding Strategy for Quantum Annealing in Mixed-Variable Engineering Optimization","display_name":"Adaptive Encoding Strategy for Quantum Annealing in Mixed-Variable Engineering Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138927505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043360216","display_name":"Fabian Key","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-4806"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Key, Fabian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093402751","display_name":"Lukas Freinberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Freinberger, Lukas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087785825","display_name":"Mayu Muramatsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-0457"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muramatsu, Mayu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008953865","display_name":"Norbert Hosters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-4446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosters, Norbert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043360216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9205999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9205999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6963000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-variable","display_name":"Continuous variable","score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-annealing","display_name":"Quantum annealing","score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-optimization","display_name":"Continuous optimization","score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.445499986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6963000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983394010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19885330","display_name":"Continuous variable","level":2,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938141","display_name":"Quantum annealing","level":4,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92995354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165499","display_name":"Continuous optimization","level":4,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.445499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145671259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493786","display_name":"Discrete optimization","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987477279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19885330","display_name":"Discrete variable","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.17506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixed":[0],"discrete-continuous":[1],"optimization":[2,205],"is":[3,31],"central":[4,51],"to":[5,20,63],"engineering":[6],"design,":[7,233],"where":[8,179],"discrete":[9,40,61],"choices":[10],"interact":[11],"with":[12],"continuous":[13,48,67,124,147,186,240],"fields.":[14],"These":[15],"problems":[16],"are":[17],"difficult":[18],"due":[19],"high-dimensional,":[21],"complex":[22],"search":[23,79,197],"spaces.":[24],"To":[25],"tackle":[26],"them,":[27],"Quantum":[28],"Annealing":[29],"(QA)":[30],"promising,":[32],"yet":[33],"its":[34,151],"native":[35],"binary":[36,92,219],"nature":[37],"supports":[38],"only":[39],"variables,":[41],"making":[42],"accurate":[43],"and":[44,149,244],"efficient":[45,130],"encodings":[46],"of":[47,91,132,145,184,206],"quantities":[49],"a":[50,168,175,200,207,217,223],"challenge.":[52],"Existing":[53],"approaches":[54],"either":[55],"split":[56],"the":[57,81,89,110,142,146,157,182,185,190,203,228],"coupled":[58,133,170],"problem,":[59],"mapping":[60],"decisions":[62],"QA":[64,107,127,243],"while":[65,188],"solving":[66],"fields":[68],"classically,":[69],"or":[70,87],"use":[71],"fixed-bit-depth":[72],"encodings.":[73,114],"The":[74],"former":[75],"compromises":[76],"QA's":[77,195],"global":[78,196],"advantages;":[80],"latter":[82],"can":[83,101,249],"underrepresent":[84],"dynamic":[85],"range":[86],"inflate":[88],"number":[90],"variables.":[93],"We":[94,136,173],"show":[95],"that":[96,128,246],"simply":[97],"increasing":[98],"bit":[99],"depth":[100],"even":[102],"degrade":[103],"performance":[104],"on":[105,252],"current":[106,253],"hardware,":[108],"underscoring":[109],"need":[111],"for":[112,123,141,162,238,242],"alternative":[113],"In":[115],"response,":[116],"we":[117,180],"introduce":[118],"an":[119,138],"adaptive":[120,211,247],"encoding":[121,212,239],"strategy":[122,140],"variables":[125,148,187,241],"in":[126],"enables":[129],"treatment":[131],"mixed-variable":[134],"problems.":[135],"propose":[137],"update":[139,181],"representable":[143],"ranges":[144],"demonstrate":[150],"utility":[152],"by":[153],"integrating":[154],"it":[155,234],"into":[156],"minimum":[158],"complementary":[159],"energy":[160],"formulation":[161],"structural":[163,232],"design":[164],"optimization,":[165],"which":[166],"provides":[167],"single,":[169],"constrained":[171],"problem.":[172],"apply":[174],"quadratic":[176],"penalty":[177],"method":[178],"representation":[183],"targeting":[189],"full":[191],"original":[192],"objective,":[193],"preserving":[194],"capability.":[198],"On":[199],"published":[201],"benchmark,":[202],"size":[204],"composite":[208],"rod,":[209],"our":[210],"improves":[213],"solution":[214],"quality":[215],"under":[216],"fixed":[218],"variable":[220],"budget,":[221],"demonstrating":[222],"superior":[224],"precision-resource":[225],"trade-off.":[226],"Since":[227],"framework":[229],"generalizes":[230],"beyond":[231],"offers":[235],"practical":[236],"guidance":[237],"indicates":[245],"representations":[248],"enhance":[250],"precision":[251],"hardware.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:54:20.808490","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}