{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138897543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","title":"Probing Cultural Signals in Large Language Models through Author Profiling","display_name":"Probing Cultural Signals in Large Language Models through Author Profiling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138897543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129779854","display_name":"Valentin Lafargue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lafargue, Valentin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071643658","display_name":"Ariel Guerra-Adames","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7881-8246"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guerra-Adames, Ariel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130085708","display_name":"Emmanuelle Claeys","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claeys, Emmanuelle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130151752","display_name":"Elouan Vuichard","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vuichard, Elouan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025032659","display_name":"Jean\u2013Michel Loubes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-2960"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loubes, Jean-Michel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.7522000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.7522000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.050599999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.026900000870227814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-profiling","display_name":"Racial profiling","score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyrics","display_name":"Lyrics","score":0.35359999537467957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776248220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1850662","display_name":"Racial profiling","level":3,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602446","display_name":"Lyrics","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5022703409194946,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.48994070291519165,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,50,71],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"deployed":[6],"in":[7,35],"applications":[8],"with":[9,82],"societal":[10],"impact,":[11],"raising":[12],"concerns":[13],"about":[14],"the":[15,90,123,128,134],"cultural":[16,68],"biases":[17],"they":[18],"encode.":[19],"We":[20],"probe":[21],"these":[22,103],"representations":[23],"by":[24],"evaluating":[25],"whether":[26],"LLMs":[27,60],"can":[28],"perform":[29],"author":[30],"profiling":[31,63],"from":[32,88],"song":[33],"lyrics":[34],"a":[36],"zero-shot":[37],"setting,":[38],"inferring":[39],"singers'":[40],"gender":[41],"and":[42,94,114,118,144],"ethnicity":[43,125],"without":[44],"task-specific":[45],"fine-tuning.":[46],"Across":[47],"several":[48],"open-source":[49],"evaluated":[51,129],"on":[52,142,146],"more":[53,80],"than":[54],"10,000":[55],"lyrics,":[56],"we":[57,105],"find":[58],"that":[59,120],"achieve":[61],"non-trivial":[62],"performance":[64],"but":[65],"demonstrate":[66],"systematic":[67],"alignment:":[69],"most":[70,135],"default":[72],"toward":[73],"North":[74],"American":[75],"ethnicity,":[76],"while":[77],"DeepSeek-1.5B":[78],"aligns":[79],"strongly":[81],"Asian":[83],"ethnicity.":[84],"This":[85],"finding":[86],"emerges":[87],"both":[89],"models'":[91],"prediction":[92],"distributions":[93],"an":[95],"analysis":[96],"of":[97],"their":[98],"generated":[99],"rationales.":[100],"To":[101],"quantify":[102],"disparities,":[104],"introduce":[106],"two":[107],"fairness":[108],"metrics,":[109],"Modality":[110],"Accuracy":[111],"Divergence":[112,116],"(MAD)":[113],"Recall":[115],"(RD),":[117],"show":[119],"Ministral-8B":[121],"displays":[122],"strongest":[124],"bias":[126],"among":[127],"models,":[130],"whereas":[131],"Gemma-12B":[132],"shows":[133],"balanced":[136],"behavior.":[137],"Our":[138],"code":[139],"is":[140],"available":[141],"[GitHub](https://github.com/ValentinLafargue/CulturalProbingLLM)":[143],"results":[145],"[HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ValentinLAFARGUE/AuthorProfilingResults).":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
