{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138933255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","title":"Reevaluating the Intra-Modal Misalignment Hypothesis in CLIP","display_name":"Reevaluating the Intra-Modal Misalignment Hypothesis in CLIP","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138933255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102741251","display_name":"Jonas Herzog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1682-1500"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herzog, Jonas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130104106","display_name":"Yue (Emily) Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.47929999232292175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.47929999232292175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.2648000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.0754999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6442000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3375000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6442000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.16100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5034716725349426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"suggested":[2],"that":[3,21,70,133],"the":[4,22,53,60,65,84,108,119,123],"embeddings":[5],"produced":[6],"by":[7],"CLIP-like":[8],"contrastive":[9],"language-image":[10,95],"training":[11],"are":[12,72],"suboptimal":[13],"for":[14,79,94,142],"image-only":[15],"tasks.":[16],"The":[17],"main":[18],"theory":[19],"is":[20,140],"inter-modal":[23],"(language-image)":[24],"alignment":[25],"loss":[26],"ignores":[27],"intra-modal":[28,44,126],"(image-image)":[29],"alignment,":[30],"leading":[31],"to":[32,56,118],"poorly":[33],"calibrated":[34],"distances":[35],"between":[36],"images.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,43],"study,":[40],"we":[41,68],"question":[42],"misalignment":[45,116],"hypothesis.":[46],"We":[47],"reexamine":[48],"its":[49],"foundational":[50],"theoretical":[51,66],"argument,":[52,67],"indicators":[54],"used":[55],"support":[57],"it,":[58],"and":[59,100,129],"performance":[61],"metrics":[62],"affected.":[63],"For":[64,83],"demonstrate":[69],"there":[71],"no":[73],"such":[74],"supposed":[75,138],"degrees":[76],"of":[77],"freedom":[78],"image":[80],"embedding":[81],"distances.":[82],"empirical":[85],"measures,":[86],"our":[87],"findings":[88],"reveal":[89],"they":[90],"yield":[91],"similar":[92],"results":[93],"trained":[96,102],"models":[97,103],"(CLIP,":[98],"SigLIP)":[99],"image-image":[101],"(DINO,":[104],"SigLIP2).":[105],"This":[106],"indicates":[107],"observed":[109],"phenomena":[110],"do":[111],"not":[112,137],"stem":[113],"from":[114],"a":[115],"specific":[117],"former.":[120],"Experiments":[121],"on":[122],"commonly":[124],"studied":[125],"tasks":[127],"retrieval":[128],"few-shot":[130],"classification":[131],"confirm":[132],"addressing":[134],"task":[135],"ambiguity,":[136],"misalignment,":[139],"key":[141],"best":[143],"results.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
