{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138333123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","title":"A Hybrid AI and Rule-Based Decision Support System for Disease Diagnosis and Management Using Labs","display_name":"A Hybrid AI and Rule-Based Decision Support System for Disease Diagnosis and Management Using Labs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138333123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129642364","display_name":"Muhammad Hammad Maqsood","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maqsood, Muhammad Hammad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129753199","display_name":"Mubashir Sajid","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid, Mubashir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129740969","display_name":"Khubaib Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed, Khubaib","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129733794","display_name":"Muhammad Usamah Shahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid, Muhammad Usamah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103408949","display_name":"Muddassar Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1882-7819"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farooq, Muddassar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.37709999084472656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.37709999084472656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.22849999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.8657000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.6319000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.34929999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.8657000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.6319000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985722590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018822202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Patient data","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154874363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518464","display_name":"Medical classification","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780033181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24962805","display_name":"Decision aids","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019150057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779279","display_name":"Medical information","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983449737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Clinical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989179672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Clinical decision making","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7537737488746643,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,168],"research":[1,169],"paper":[2],"outlines":[3],"the":[4,27,47,74,91,159,166],"development":[5],"and":[6,99,133,185,196],"implementation":[7],"of":[8,68,112,131,182,193,212],"a":[9,38,62,109,171,176,183,191],"novel":[10,172],"Clinical":[11],"Decision":[12],"Support":[13],"System":[14],"(CDSS)":[15],"that":[16,124,161,174],"integrates":[17],"AI":[18],"predictive":[19],"modeling":[20,120],"with":[21,66,201],"medical":[22,180],"knowledge":[23,59],"bases.":[24],"It":[25],"utilizes":[26],"quantifiable":[28],"information":[29],"elements":[30],"in":[31,61,76,214],"lab":[32,187],"results":[33],"for":[34,54,80,108,204],"inferring":[35],"likely":[36,48,194],"diagnoses":[37,49],"patient":[39,184],"might":[40],"have.":[41],"Subsequently,":[42],"suggesting":[43],"investigations":[44,188],"to":[45,93,104,137,164,189,209],"confirm":[46,127,165,198],"--":[50],"an":[51],"assistive":[52],"tool":[53],"physicians.":[55],"The":[56,78,139],"system":[57,65,98,142,173],"fuses":[58],"contained":[60],"rule-base":[63],"expert":[64],"inferences":[67],"data":[69,79],"driven":[70],"predictors":[71],"based":[72,157],"on":[73,158],"features":[75],"labs.":[77],"593,055":[81],"patients":[82,213],"was":[83],"collected":[84],"from":[85],"547":[86],"primary":[87],"care":[88],"centers":[89],"across":[90],"US":[92],"model":[94],"our":[95],"decision":[96],"support":[97],"derive":[100],"Real-Word":[101],"Evidence":[102],"(RWE)":[103],"make":[105],"it":[106],"relevant":[107],"large":[110],"demographic":[111],"patients.":[113],"Our":[114],"Rule-Base":[115],"comprises":[116],"clinically":[117],"validated":[118],"rules,":[119],"59":[121],"health":[122],"conditions":[123],"can":[125],"directly":[126],"one":[128],"or":[129],"more":[130],"diseases":[132,195],"assign":[134],"ICD-10":[135,148],"codes":[136],"them.":[138],"Likely":[140],"Diagnosis":[141],"uses":[143],"multi-class":[144],"classification,":[145],"covering":[146],"37":[147],"codes,":[149],"which":[150],"are":[151],"grouped":[152],"together":[153],"into":[154],"11":[155],"categories":[156],"labs":[160],"physicians":[162,208],"prescribe":[163],"diagnosis.":[167],"offers":[170],"assists":[175],"physician":[177],"by":[178],"utilizing":[179],"profile":[181],"routine":[186],"predict":[190],"group":[192],"then":[197],"them,":[199],"coupled":[200],"providing":[202],"explanations":[203],"inferences,":[205],"thereby":[206],"assisting":[207],"reduce":[210],"misdiagnosis":[211],"clinical":[215],"decision-making.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
