{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138130180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","title":"Towards Privacy-Preserving Machine Translation at the Inference Stage: A New Task and Benchmark","display_name":"Towards Privacy-Preserving Machine Translation at the Inference Stage: A New Task and Benchmark","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138130180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129705460","display_name":"Wei Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao, Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129678318","display_name":"Lemao Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Lemao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129642453","display_name":"Yinqiao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yinqiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129641372","display_name":"Guoping Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Guoping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093784846","display_name":"Shuming Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Shuming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129688415","display_name":"Linqi Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Linqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.2152000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.2152000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.19789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.06960000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7278000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.37869998812675476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7278000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5824000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.14756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7502772212028503,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"online":[1,29,42],"translation":[2,30,43,55,70],"services":[3,31,44],"require":[4],"sending":[5],"user":[6],"text":[7,19,64,139],"to":[8,37,59,133],"cloud":[9],"servers,":[10],"posing":[11],"a":[12,125,160,166,186,217,221],"risk":[13,24,40],"of":[14,28,54,61,76,106,115,162,174,189],"privacy":[15,47,77,88,175,191,206,226],"leakage":[16],"when":[17],"the":[18,26,51,68,80,92,135,141,203,208,225],"contains":[20],"sensitive":[21],"information.":[22],"This":[23],"hinders":[25],"application":[27],"in":[32,138,207,229],"privacy-sensitive":[33],"scenarios.":[34],"One":[35],"way":[36],"mitigate":[38],"this":[39,116,120,122,146,170,212],"for":[41,91,169,224],"is":[45,84,176],"introducing":[46],"protection":[48,78,89,227],"mechanisms":[49],"targeting":[50],"inference":[52,81,93,143],"stage":[53],"models.":[56],"However,":[57],"compared":[58],"subfields":[60],"NLP":[62],"like":[63],"classification":[65],"and":[66,98,100,158,178,192,220],"summarization,":[67],"machine":[69,230],"research":[71,199,213],"community":[72],"has":[73,109],"limited":[74],"exploration":[75,114],"during":[79,140],"stage.":[82,144],"There":[83],"no":[85],"clearly":[86],"defined":[87],"task":[90],"stage,":[94],"dedicated":[95],"evaluation":[96,156],"datasets":[97],"metrics,":[99,157],"reference":[101],"benchmark":[102,151,163],"methods.":[103],"The":[104,172],"absence":[105],"these":[107],"elements":[108],"seriously":[110],"constrained":[111],"researchers'":[112],"in-depth":[113],"direction.":[117],"To":[118],"bridge":[119],"gap,":[121],"paper":[123],"proposes":[124],"novel":[126],"\"Privacy-Preserving":[127],"Machine":[128],"Translation\"":[129],"(PPMT)":[130],"task,":[131,147],"aiming":[132],"protect":[134],"private":[136],"information":[137],"model":[142],"For":[145],"we":[148,195],"constructed":[149],"three":[150],"test":[152],"datasets,":[153],"designed":[154],"corresponding":[155],"proposed":[159],"series":[161],"methods":[164],"as":[165],"starting":[167],"point":[168],"task.":[171],"definition":[173],"complex":[177],"diverse.":[179],"Considering":[180],"that":[181],"named":[182,204],"entities":[183],"often":[184],"contain":[185],"large":[187],"amount":[188],"personal":[190],"commercial":[193],"secrets,":[194],"have":[196],"focused":[197],"our":[198],"on":[200],"protecting":[201],"only":[202],"entity's":[205],"text.":[209],"We":[210],"expect":[211],"work":[214],"will":[215],"provide":[216],"new":[218],"perspective":[219],"solid":[222],"foundation":[223],"problem":[228],"translation.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}