{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138267497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","title":"Generative Inverse Design of Cold Metals for Low-Power Electronics","display_name":"Generative Inverse Design of Cold Metals for Low-Power Electronics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138267497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122745323","display_name":"Kedeng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Kedeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129744921","display_name":"Yucheng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Yucheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129687228","display_name":"Yan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071974740","display_name":"Bizhu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Bizhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129683498","display_name":"Shuyu Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Shuyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129689149","display_name":"Xiaobin Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Xiaobin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010162353","display_name":"Yabei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-7115"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Yabei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051135031","display_name":"Liangliang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-150X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Liangliang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086902250","display_name":"Hang Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10657","display_name":"Topological Materials and Phenomena","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermi-level","display_name":"Fermi level","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.32330000400543213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13633683","display_name":"Fermi level","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186769553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726648","display_name":"Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86025842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432","display_name":"Electronic structure","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4816214144229889}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cold":[0],"metals":[1,6,41,66,153,203],"are":[2,50,130],"a":[3,69,85,98,208],"class":[4],"of":[5,88,201],"with":[7,93,157,164],"an":[8,59,76],"intrinsic":[9],"energy":[10,94],"gap":[11],"located":[12],"close":[13],"to":[14,53,110,133,159,210],"the":[15,43,160,167,198],"Fermi":[16,168],"level,":[17],"which":[18],"enables":[19],"cold-carrier":[20],"injection":[21],"for":[22,29,179],"steep-slope":[23],"transistors":[24],"and":[25,78,97,106,120,136,141,176,185],"is":[26],"therefore":[27],"promising":[28],"low-power":[30,211],"electronic":[31,212],"applications.":[32],"High-throughput":[33],"screening":[34],"has":[35],"revealed":[36],"252":[37],"three-dimensional":[38],"(3D)":[39],"cold":[40,65,152,202],"in":[42],"Materials":[44,161],"Project":[45,162],"database,":[46,163],"but":[47],"database":[48],"searches":[49],"inherently":[51],"limited":[52],"known":[54],"compounds.":[55],"Here":[56],"we":[57],"present":[58],"inverse-design":[60],"workflow":[61],"that":[62,103,192],"generates":[63],"3D":[64,134],"using":[67],"MatterGPT,":[68],"conditional":[70],"autoregressive":[71],"Transformer":[72],"trained":[73],"on":[74],"SLICES,":[75],"invertible":[77],"symmetry-invariant":[79],"crystal":[80],"string":[81],"representation.":[82],"We":[83,149],"curate":[84],"training":[86],"set":[87],"26,309":[89],"metallic":[90],"structures":[91,135],"labeled":[92],"above":[95],"hull":[96],"unified":[99],"band-edge":[100,123],"distance":[101],"descriptor":[102],"merges":[104],"p-type":[105],"n-type":[107],"cold-metal":[108],"characteristics":[109],"address":[111],"severe":[112],"label":[113],"imbalance.":[114],"Property-conditioned":[115],"generation":[116],"targeting":[117],"thermodynamic":[118],"stability":[119,184],"50-500":[121,171],"meV":[122],"distances":[124],"produces":[125],"148,506":[126],"unique":[127],"candidates;":[128],"92.1%":[129],"successfully":[131],"reconstructed":[132],"down-selected":[137],"by":[138,145],"symmetry,":[139],"uniqueness":[140],"novelty":[142],"filters,":[143],"followed":[144],"high-throughput":[146,205],"DFT":[147],"validation.":[148],"identify":[150],"257":[151],"verified":[154],"as":[155],"novel":[156],"respect":[158],"gaps":[165],"around":[166],"level":[169],"spanning":[170],"meV.":[172],"First-principles":[173],"phonon,":[174],"electronic-structure,":[175],"work-function":[177],"calculations":[178],"representative":[180],"candidates":[181],"confirm":[182],"dynamical":[183],"contact-relevant":[186],"work":[187],"functions.":[188],"Our":[189],"results":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"SLICES-enabled":[193],"generative":[194],"transformers":[195],"can":[196],"expand":[197],"chemical":[199],"space":[200],"beyond":[204],"screening,":[206],"providing":[207],"route":[209],"materials":[213],"discovery.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}