{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138416778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","title":"Neuro-Symbolic Generation and Validation of Memory-Aware Formal Function Specifications","display_name":"Neuro-Symbolic Generation and Validation of Memory-Aware Formal Function Specifications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138416778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050101315","display_name":"Liao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-8843"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129678856","display_name":"Tong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129689010","display_name":"Xiwei Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Xiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129680112","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129702423","display_name":"Xiyu Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhai, Xiyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129676007","display_name":"Xinqi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xinqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066817669","display_name":"Qinxiang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-6538"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Qinxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050101315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.45489999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.45489999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.09440000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.065700002014637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7243000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.5670999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specification-language","display_name":"Specification language","score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3725999891757965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7243000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6967999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.5670999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94461902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2762418","display_name":"Formal proof","level":3,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202973057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380130","display_name":"Runtime verification","level":3,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508853","display_name":"Functional verification","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661193","display_name":"Symbolic trajectory evaluation","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15077461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248507","display_name":"Programming language specification","level":5,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14331664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3417382","display_name":"Refinement","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Formal":[0],"verification":[1,65,112],"of":[2,56,127,136,149],"memory-manipulating":[3],"programs":[4,81],"critically":[5],"depends":[6],"on":[7,48],"precise":[8],"function":[9,49,77,88,158],"specifications":[10,78,95,119],"that":[11,60,162,181,189],"capture":[12],"memory":[13],"states":[14],"written":[15],"by":[16,120,177],"experts.":[17],"This":[18],"requirement":[19],"has":[20],"become":[21],"a":[22,69,122,146],"major":[23],"bottleneck":[24],"as":[25],"large":[26],"language":[27,84],"models":[28],"(LLMs)":[29],"increasingly":[30],"generate":[31],"low-level":[32],"systems":[33,206],"code":[34],"whose":[35],"correctness":[36,175],"cannot":[37],"be":[38],"assumed.":[39],"To":[40,139],"enable":[41],"scalable":[42],"formal":[43,76,157,201],"verification,":[44],"we":[45,116,143],"focus":[46],"exclusively":[47],"specification":[50,129,202],"generation,":[51],"deliberately":[52],"avoiding":[53],"the":[54,111,125,128],"synthesis":[55,203],"complex":[57],"loop":[58],"invariants":[59],"are":[61],"central":[62],"to":[63,200],"traditional":[64],"pipelines.":[66],"We":[67],"propose":[68],"neuro-symbolic":[70],"framework":[71],"for":[72,79,124,154,204],"automatically":[73],"generating":[74,155],"memory-aware":[75,156],"C":[80,151],"from":[82,107],"natural":[83],"problem":[85],"descriptions":[86],"and":[87,99,110],"signatures.":[89],"The":[90],"pipeline":[91],"first":[92],"produces":[93],"candidate":[94,118],"via":[96],"in-context":[97],"learning,":[98],"then":[100],"iteratively":[101],"refines":[102],"them":[103],"using":[104],"compiler":[105],"diagnostics":[106],"symbolic":[108,170,194],"provers":[109],"toolchain.":[113],"In":[114],"particular,":[115],"validate":[117],"constructing":[121],"proof":[123],"negation":[126],"with":[130,193],"concrete":[131],"examples,":[132],"enabling":[133],"machine-checked":[134],"rejection":[135],"plausible-but-incorrect":[137],"specifications.":[138,159],"support":[140],"systematic":[141],"evaluation,":[142],"introduce":[144],"LeetCode-C-Spec,":[145],"new":[147],"benchmark":[148],"200":[150],"programming":[152],"problems":[153],"Experiments":[160],"show":[161],"iterative":[163],"refinement":[164],"substantially":[165],"improves":[166],"syntactic":[167],"validity,":[168],"while":[169],"prover-based":[171],"refutation":[172],"significantly":[173],"enhances":[174],"assessment":[176],"filtering":[178],"false":[179],"positives":[180],"LLM-only":[182],"judges":[183],"frequently":[184],"accept.":[185],"Our":[186],"results":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"combining":[190],"neural":[191],"generation":[192],"feedback":[195],"provides":[196],"an":[197],"effective":[198],"approach":[199],"memory-safe":[205],"software.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}