{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138272641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","title":"Patient-Level Multimodal Question Answering from Multi-Site Auscultation Recordings","display_name":"Patient-Level Multimodal Question Answering from Multi-Site Auscultation Recordings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138272641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129665650","display_name":"Fan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129682626","display_name":"Tsai-Ning Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Tsai-Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129702908","display_name":"Nicolas Zumarraga","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zumarraga, Nicolas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129671478","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073836172","display_name":"Markus Kreft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6491-4176"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kreft, Markus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129749330","display_name":"Kevin O'Sullivan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O'Sullivan, Kevin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063968302","display_name":"Elgar Fleisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-1117"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fleisch, Elgar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086999248","display_name":"Oliver Aalami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-2429"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aalami, Oliver","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129752787","display_name":"Paul Schmiedmayer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schmiedmayer, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129670479","display_name":"Robert Jakob","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob, Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109884273","display_name":"Patrick Langer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langer, Patrick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129665650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auscultation","display_name":"Auscultation","score":0.7944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777324038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779054","display_name":"Auscultation","level":2,"score":0.7944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6884999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5827999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127220857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2719318","display_name":"Audio signal processing","level":4,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8230378031730652}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auscultation":[0],"is":[1,9],"a":[2,34,43,78,114],"vital":[3],"diagnostic":[4],"tool,":[5],"yet":[6],"its":[7],"utility":[8],"often":[10],"limited":[11],"by":[12],"subjective":[13],"interpretation.":[14],"While":[15],"general-purpose":[16],"Audio-Language":[17],"Models":[18],"(ALMs)":[19],"excel":[20],"in":[21],"general":[22],"domains,":[23],"they":[24],"struggle":[25],"with":[26,42,110],"the":[27,56,72],"nuances":[28],"of":[29,107],"physiological":[30],"signals.":[31],"We":[32,85],"propose":[33],"framework":[35],"that":[36,87,95,101],"aligns":[37],"multi-site":[38,96],"auscultation":[39],"recordings":[40],"directly":[41],"frozen":[44],"Large":[45],"Language":[46],"Model":[47],"(LLM)":[48],"embedding":[49],"space":[50],"via":[51],"gated":[52],"cross-attention.":[53],"By":[54],"leveraging":[55],"LLM's":[57],"latent":[58],"world":[59],"knowledge,":[60],"our":[61,75],"approach":[62],"moves":[63],"beyond":[64],"isolated":[65],"classification":[66],"toward":[67],"holistic,":[68],"patient-level":[69],"assessment.":[70,123],"On":[71],"CaReSound":[73],"benchmark,":[74],"model":[76],"achieves":[77],"state-of-the-art":[79],"0.865":[80],"F1-macro":[81],"and":[82,94,121],"0.952":[83],"BERTScore.":[84],"demonstrate":[86],"lightweight,":[88],"domain-specific":[89],"encoders":[90],"rival":[91],"large-scale":[92],"ALMs":[93],"aggregation":[97],"provides":[98],"spatial":[99],"redundancy":[100],"mitigates":[102],"temporal":[103],"truncation.":[104],"This":[105],"alignment":[106],"medical":[108],"acoustics":[109],"text":[111],"foundations":[112],"offers":[113],"scalable":[115],"path":[116],"for":[117],"bridging":[118],"signal":[119],"processing":[120],"clinical":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T06:31:55.123368","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}