{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137257538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","title":"Semantic Invariance in Agentic AI","display_name":"Semantic Invariance in Agentic AI","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137257538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129481394","display_name":"I. de Zarz\u00e0","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"de Zarz\u00e0, I.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129542349","display_name":"J. de Curt\u00f2","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"de Curt\u00f2, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129478389","display_name":"Jordi Cabot","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cabot, Jordi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129440202","display_name":"Pietro Manzoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manzoni, Pietro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066242048","display_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-3041"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calafate, Carlos T.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129481394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2791000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2791000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.2554999887943268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0778999999165535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.2946999967098236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198942812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496618","display_name":"Semantic property","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.13173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7876140475273132,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"increasingly":[4],"serve":[5],"as":[6],"autonomous":[7],"reasoning":[8,30,82,126],"agents":[9,22],"in":[10,23,66],"decision":[11],"support,":[12],"scientific":[13,130],"problem-solving,":[14],"and":[15,98,117],"multi-agent":[16],"coordination":[17],"systems.":[18],"However,":[19],"deploying":[20],"LLM":[21,81],"consequential":[24],"applications":[25],"requires":[26],"assurance":[27],"that":[28,135],"their":[29],"remains":[31],"stable":[32],"under":[33],"semantically":[34],"equivalent":[35],"input":[36],"variations,":[37],"a":[38,71],"property":[39],"we":[40,69],"term":[41],"semantic":[42,152],"invariance.":[43],"Standard":[44],"benchmark":[45],"evaluations,":[46],"which":[47],"assess":[48],"accuracy":[49],"on":[50],"fixed,":[51],"canonical":[52],"problem":[53],"formulations,":[54],"fail":[55],"to":[56],"capture":[57],"this":[58,64,67],"critical":[59],"reliability":[60],"dimension.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"shortcoming,":[65],"paper":[68],"present":[70],"metamorphic":[72],"testing":[73],"framework":[74],"for":[75],"systematically":[76],"assessing":[77],"the":[78,142,146],"robustness":[79],"of":[80],"agents,":[83],"applying":[84],"eight":[85,129],"semantic-preserving":[86],"transformations":[87],"(identity,":[88],"paraphrase,":[89],"fact":[90],"reordering,":[91],"expansion,":[92],"contraction,":[93],"academic":[94],"context,":[95,97],"business":[96],"contrastive":[99],"formulation)":[100],"across":[101,128],"seven":[102],"foundation":[103],"models":[104,157],"spanning":[105],"four":[106],"distinct":[107],"architectural":[108],"families:":[109],"Hermes":[110],"(70B,":[111],"405B),":[112],"Qwen3":[113],"(30B-A3B,":[114],"235B-A22B),":[115],"DeepSeek-R1,":[116],"gpt-oss":[118],"(20B,":[119],"120B).":[120],"Our":[121],"evaluation":[122],"encompasses":[123],"19":[124],"multi-step":[125],"problems":[127],"domains.":[131],"The":[132],"results":[133],"reveal":[134],"model":[136],"scale":[137],"does":[138],"not":[139],"predict":[140],"robustness:":[141],"smaller":[143],"Qwen3-30B-A3B":[144],"achieves":[145],"highest":[147],"stability":[148],"(79.6%":[149],"invariant":[150],"responses,":[151],"similarity":[153],"0.91),":[154],"while":[155],"larger":[156],"exhibit":[158],"greater":[159],"fragility.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T06:27:02.140700","created_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00"}
