{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135242415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","title":"GRADE: Benchmarking Discipline-Informed Reasoning in Image Editing","display_name":"GRADE: Benchmarking Discipline-Informed Reasoning in Image Editing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135242415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129035044","display_name":"Mingxin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Mingxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128735292","display_name":"Ziqian Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Ziqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129063192","display_name":"Zhaokai Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhaokai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128795790","display_name":"Leyao Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Leyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128767892","display_name":"Zirun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Zirun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123436945","display_name":"Yiguo He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Yiguo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129064748","display_name":"Yuchen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yuchen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128981155","display_name":"Changyao Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian, Changyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129047306","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Xiangyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111696111","display_name":"Ning Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-2555"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128961933","display_name":"Shaofeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Shaofeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059610849","display_name":"Qibing Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-329X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren, Qibing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128997447","display_name":"Zhihang Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong, Zhihang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128957343","display_name":"Xuanhe Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xuanhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128972085","display_name":"Junchi Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan, Junchi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129008200","display_name":"Xue Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129035044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.28189998865127563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.28189998865127563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.10620000213384628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.08299999684095383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.8015000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-editing","display_name":"Image editing","score":0.3889000117778778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8015000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image editing","level":3,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.12264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.631497323513031,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unified":[0],"multimodal":[1,145],"models":[2,97,103],"target":[3],"joint":[4],"understanding,":[5],"reasoning,":[6,23],"and":[7,20,47,86,95,121,127,154,158],"generation,":[8],"but":[9],"current":[10,102],"image":[11,50,152],"editing":[12,107,153],"benchmarks":[13],"are":[14,161],"largely":[15],"confined":[16],"to":[17,43,66,110,123],"natural":[18,64],"images":[19],"shallow":[21],"commonsense":[22],"offering":[24],"limited":[25],"assessment":[26],"of":[27,143],"this":[28,35],"capability":[29],"under":[30,104],"structured,":[31],"domain-specific":[32],"constraints.":[33],"In":[34],"work,":[36],"we":[37,73,117],"introduce":[38],"GRADE,":[39],"the":[40,129,140,148],"first":[41],"benchmark":[42,157],"assess":[44],"discipline-informed":[45,151],"knowledge":[46],"reasoning":[48],"in":[49,101],"editing.":[51,133],"GRADE":[52,135],"comprises":[53],"520":[54],"carefully":[55],"curated":[56],"samples":[57],"across":[58],"10":[59],"academic":[60],"domains,":[61],"spanning":[62],"from":[63],"science":[65],"social":[67],"science.":[68],"To":[69],"support":[70],"rigorous":[71,119],"evaluation,":[72],"propose":[74],"a":[75],"multi-dimensional":[76],"evaluation":[77,159],"protocol":[78],"that":[79],"jointly":[80],"assesses":[81],"Discipline":[82],"Reasoning,":[83],"Visual":[84],"Consistency,":[85],"Logical":[87],"Readability.":[88],"Extensive":[89],"experiments":[90],"on":[91,150],"20":[92],"state-of-the-art":[93],"open-source":[94],"closed-source":[96],"reveal":[98],"substantial":[99],"limitations":[100],"implicit,":[105],"knowledge-intensive":[106],"settings,":[108],"leading":[109],"large":[111],"performance":[112],"gaps.":[113],"Beyond":[114],"quantitative":[115],"scores,":[116],"conduct":[118],"analyses":[120],"ablations":[122],"expose":[124],"model":[125],"shortcomings":[126],"identify":[128],"constraints":[130],"within":[131],"disciplinary":[132],"Together,":[134],"pinpoints":[136],"key":[137],"directions":[138],"for":[139],"future":[141],"development":[142],"unified":[144],"models,":[146],"advancing":[147],"research":[149],"reasoning.":[155],"Our":[156],"code":[160],"publicly":[162],"released.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T06:46:50.379900","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}