{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135199375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","title":"Emergency-Aware and Frequency-Constrained HVDC Planning for A Multi-Area Asynchronously Interconnected Grid","display_name":"Emergency-Aware and Frequency-Constrained HVDC Planning for A Multi-Area Asynchronously Interconnected Grid","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135199375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000386102","display_name":"Yiliu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8631-8455"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"He, Yiliu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114599139","display_name":"Haiwang Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong, Haiwang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129087669","display_name":"Grant Ruan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruan, Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129028727","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129090718","display_name":"Chongqing Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Chongqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000386102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvdc-converter-station","display_name":"HVDC converter station","score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-voltage-direct-current","display_name":"High-voltage direct current","score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-grid","display_name":"Frequency grid","score":0.3971000015735626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7904685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356943","display_name":"HVDC converter station","level":3,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781163877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370607","display_name":"High-voltage direct current","level":4,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107094494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428453","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.11943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-voltage":[0],"direct":[1],"current":[2],"(HVDC)":[3],"technology":[4],"has":[5],"played":[6],"a":[7,52,58,90,136],"crucial":[8],"role":[9],"for":[10,139],"long-distance":[11],"transmission":[12],"of":[13,20,47],"renewable":[14],"power":[15],"generation.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,45,68],"integration":[19],"large-capacity":[21],"HVDC":[22,30,40,49,73,111,117,141],"lines":[23],"introduces":[24],"significant":[25],"frequency":[26,61,79,85,100,132],"security":[27,102,133],"challenges":[28],"during":[29,72],"fault":[31,112],"emergencies.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"proposes":[35],"an":[36,76],"emergency-aware":[37],"and":[38,89],"frequency-constrained":[39],"planning":[41,106],"method":[42],"to":[43,66,98],"optimize":[44],"capacity":[46],"inter-area":[48,140],"tie-lines":[50],"in":[51,127],"multi-area":[53],"asynchronously":[54],"interconnected":[55],"grid.":[56],"Firstly,":[57],"coordinated":[59],"emergency":[60,69,84],"control":[62,70,86],"scheme":[63],"is":[64,87,96],"proposed":[65,105],"allocate":[67],"resources":[71],"faults.":[74],"Then,":[75],"enhanced":[77],"system":[78],"response":[80],"model":[81,107],"integrating":[82],"event-driven":[83],"developed":[88],"weighted":[91],"oblique":[92],"decision":[93,120],"tree":[94],"approach":[95],"employed":[97],"extract":[99],"nadir":[101],"constraints.":[103],"The":[104],"considers":[108],"all":[109],"potential":[110],"emergencies":[113],"while":[114],"treating":[115],"candidate":[116],"capacities":[118],"as":[119],"variables.":[121],"Simulation":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"superior":[125],"performance":[126],"balancing":[128],"economic":[129],"efficiency":[130],"with":[131],"requirements,":[134],"providing":[135],"practical":[137],"solution":[138],"planning.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T06:46:50.379900","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}