{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134815866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810","title":"Temperature-Aware Scheduling of LLM Inference in Large-Scale Geo-Distributed Edge Data Centers with Distributed Optimization","display_name":"Temperature-Aware Scheduling of LLM Inference in Large-Scale Geo-Distributed Edge Data Centers with Distributed Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134815866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128685107","display_name":"Arash Khalatbarisoltani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalatbarisoltani, Arash","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128679933","display_name":"Amin Mahmoudi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoudi, Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128656217","display_name":"Jie Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128682881","display_name":"Muhammad Saeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed, Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128656789","display_name":"Wenxue Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Wenxue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128665685","display_name":"Jinwen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jinwen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128120571","display_name":"Solmaz Kahourzade","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kahourzade, Solmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044159957","display_name":"Amirmehdi Yazdani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-918X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazdani, Amirmehdi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128659918","display_name":"Xiaosong Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Xiaosong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.11840000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.11840000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.08560000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47690001130104065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7060999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019966295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341368","display_name":"Energy cost","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982944804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water consumption","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5230752229690552,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,134],"environmental":[1],"impact":[2],"of":[3,30,52,103,147,154],"Large":[4],"Language":[5],"Models":[6],"(LLMs)":[7],"on":[8,24,142],"data":[9,53,105,160],"centers":[10,54,161],"hosting":[11,156],"these":[12,109],"models":[13],"is":[14,74],"becoming":[15],"a":[16,66,119,137],"significant":[17],"concern.":[18],"While":[19],"many":[20],"efforts":[21],"have":[22],"focused":[23],"reducing":[25],"the":[26,37,43,101,152],"substantial":[27],"training":[28],"overhead":[29],"LLMs,":[31,115],"carbon":[32,127],"and":[33,99,131,172],"water":[34,132],"consumption":[35,171],"during":[36],"inference":[38],"phase":[39],"can":[40,81,92],"often":[41],"surpass":[42],"costs":[44,98],"associated":[45],"with":[46,65],"their":[47,71],"training.":[48],"cooling":[50,96,169],"systems":[51],"are":[55,62],"crucial":[56],"in":[57,162,168],"this":[58,89,116],"context,":[59],"but":[60],"they":[61],"frequently":[63],"modeled":[64],"location-independent":[67],"efficiency":[68,73,176],"term.":[69],"However,":[70],"energy":[72,97,125,170],"highly":[75],"influenced":[76],"by":[77],"ambient":[78],"temperature,":[79],"which":[80],"vary":[82],"significantly":[83],"across":[84,157],"different":[85],"geographical":[86],"locations.":[87],"Leveraging":[88],"temperature":[90],"diversity":[91],"help":[93],"reduce":[94],"total":[95],"improve":[100],"performance":[102],"edge":[104,159],"centers.":[106],"To":[107],"address":[108],"critical":[110],"sustainability":[111,153],"issues":[112],"related":[113],"to":[114],"study":[117],"proposes":[118],"temperature-aware":[120],"approach":[121,135],"that":[122],"co-optimizes":[123],"LLM":[124,155],"costs,":[126],"emissions,":[128],"time-to-first":[129],"token,":[130],"consumption.":[133],"employs":[136],"distributed":[138],"optimization":[139],"algorithm":[140],"based":[141],"an":[143],"alternating":[144],"direction":[145],"method":[146,165],"multipliers,":[148],"aimed":[149],"at":[150],"enhancing":[151],"geo-distributed":[158,178],"Australia.":[163],"Our":[164],"demonstrates":[166],"reductions":[167],"improves":[173],"overall":[174],"cost":[175],"for":[177],"cloud":[179],"environments.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}