{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134843851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800","title":"Preference-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning for Space-Time Efficient Online 3D Bin Packing","display_name":"Preference-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning for Space-Time Efficient Online 3D Bin Packing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134843851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116244534","display_name":"Nikita Sarawgi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarawgi, Nikita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004497963","display_name":"Omey M. Manyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4420-0894"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manyar, Omey M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128678437","display_name":"Fan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128678752","display_name":"Thinh H. Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen, Thinh H.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128645816","display_name":"Daniel Seita","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seita, Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083094281","display_name":"Satyandra K. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7903"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gupta, Satyandra K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22797342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.8281000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.8281000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin-packing-problem","display_name":"Bin packing problem","score":0.6912999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.37139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87219788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814581","display_name":"Bin packing problem","level":3,"score":0.6912999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775960376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435859","display_name":"Grippers","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134516590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475603","display_name":"Set packing","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robotic":[0],"bin":[1],"packing":[2,66,124],"is":[3,128],"widely":[4],"deployed":[5],"in":[6,119],"warehouse":[7],"automation,":[8],"with":[9,26,110],"current":[10],"systems":[11,21],"achieving":[12],"robust":[13],"performance":[14],"through":[15],"heuristic":[16],"and":[17,101,108],"learning-based":[18],"strategies.":[19],"These":[20],"must":[22],"balance":[23],"compact":[24],"placement":[25,112],"rapid":[27],"execution,":[28],"where":[29],"selecting":[30],"alternative":[31],"items":[32],"or":[33],"reorienting":[34],"them":[35],"can":[36],"improve":[37],"space":[38],"utilization":[39],"but":[40],"introduce":[41],"additional":[42],"time.":[43,71],"We":[44],"propose":[45],"a":[46,95,116],"selection-based":[47],"formulation":[48],"that":[49,76],"explicitly":[50],"reasons":[51],"over":[52],"this":[53],"trade-off:":[54],"at":[55,130],"each":[56],"step,":[57],"the":[58],"robot":[59],"evaluates":[60],"multiple":[61],"candidate":[62,105],"actions,":[63],"weighing":[64],"expected":[65],"benefit":[67],"against":[68],"estimated":[69],"operational":[70,80,120],"This":[72],"enables":[73],"time-aware":[74],"strategies":[75],"selectively":[77],"accept":[78],"increased":[79],"time":[81,121],"when":[82],"it":[83],"yields":[84],"meaningful":[85],"spatial":[86],"improvements.":[87],"Our":[88],"method,":[89],"STEP":[90],"(Space-Time":[91],"Efficient":[92],"Packing),":[93],"uses":[94],"preference-conditioned,":[96],"Transformer-based":[97],"reinforcement":[98],"learning":[99],"policy,":[100],"allows":[102],"generalization":[103],"across":[104],"set":[106],"sizes":[107],"integration":[109],"standard":[111],"modules.":[113],"It":[114],"achieves":[115],"44%":[117],"reduction":[118],"without":[122],"compromising":[123],"density.":[125],"Additional":[126],"material":[127],"available":[129],"https://step-packing.github.io.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}
