{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134804639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676","title":"A Primer on Evolutionary Optimization Frameworks for Near-Field Multi-Source Localization","display_name":"A Primer on Evolutionary Optimization Frameworks for Near-Field Multi-Source Localization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134804639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019996443","display_name":"Seyed Jalaleddin Mousavirad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-7578"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousavirad, Seyed Jalaleddin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053814548","display_name":"Parisa Ramezani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-6412"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramezani, Parisa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128669100","display_name":"Mattias O'Nils","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O'Nils, Mattias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128654558","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rnson, Emil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27203647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.8870000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.8870000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-based-evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Human-based evolutionary computation","score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-programming","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution-strategy","display_name":"Evolution strategy","score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.41029998660087585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158564503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936745","display_name":"Human-based evolutionary computation","level":5,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121835503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596288","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","level":3,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207002847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912857","display_name":"Evolution strategy","level":3,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157741563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418712","display_name":"Evolutionary music","level":5,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.07676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,221],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"evolutionary":[3,39,79,176,224],"optimization":[4,196],"as":[5,25,173,226],"a":[6,82,87,92,140,145,163,174,227],"grid-free":[7],"training-free":[8],"continuous-domain":[9],"search":[10,177],"mechanism":[11],"for":[12,232,239],"near-field":[13,234],"multi-source":[14],"localization,":[15,235],"addressing":[16],"the":[17,46,78,96,110,119,123,151,202,237],"major":[18],"limitations":[19],"of":[20,112,180,186],"grid-based":[21],"subspace":[22,149],"methods":[23],"such":[24],"MUSIC":[26],"and":[27,51,85,99,138,189,217,229],"data-driven":[28],"deep":[29],"learning":[30],"approaches.":[31],"To":[32,108],"this":[33,167,243],"end,":[34],"we":[35,121],"develop":[36],"two":[37],"complementary":[38],"localization":[40],"frameworks":[41,204],"that":[42,143,201],"operate":[43],"directly":[44],"on":[45],"continuous":[47,194],"spherical-wave":[48],"signal":[49,153],"model":[50],"support":[52],"arbitrary":[53],"array":[54,147],"geometries":[55],"without":[56],"requiring":[57],"labeled":[58,218],"data,":[59],"discretized":[60],"angle-range":[61],"grids,":[62],"or":[63],"architectural":[64],"constraints.":[65],"The":[66,155],"first":[67],"framework,":[68,125],"termed":[69],"NEar-field":[70,127],"MultimOdal":[71],"DE":[72,130],"(NEMO-DE)":[73],"associates":[74],"each":[75],"individual":[76],"in":[77,91,193,242],"population":[80],"to":[81,103,162],"single":[83],"source":[84,106,136],"optimizes":[86],"residual":[88,98],"least-squares":[89],"objective":[90],"sequential":[93],"manner,":[94],"updating":[95],"data":[97],"enforcing":[100],"spatial":[101],"separation":[102],"estimate":[104],"multiple":[105],"locations.":[107],"overcome":[109],"limitation":[111],"NEMO-DE":[113],"under":[114],"large":[115],"power":[116],"imbalances":[117],"among":[118],"sources,":[120],"propose":[122],"second":[124],"named":[126],"Eigen-subspace":[128],"Fitting":[129],"(NEEF-DE),":[131],"which":[132],"jointly":[133],"encodes":[134],"all":[135],"locations":[137],"minimizes":[139],"subspace-fitting":[141],"criterion":[142],"aligns":[144],"model-based":[146,233],"response":[148],"with":[150,209],"received":[152],"subspace.":[154],"proposed":[156,203],"formulations":[157],"are":[158],"not":[159],"intrinsically":[160],"tied":[161],"specific":[164],"optimizer;":[165],"however,":[166],"work":[168,222],"adopts":[169],"differential":[170],"evolution":[171],"(DE)":[172],"representative":[175],"strategy":[178],"because":[179],"its":[181],"simple":[182],"implementation,":[183],"small":[184],"number":[185],"control":[187],"parameters,":[188],"strong":[190],"empirical":[191],"performance":[192],"nonconvex":[195],"problems.":[197],"Numerical":[198],"results":[199],"show":[200],"provide":[205],"competitive":[206],"accuracy":[207],"compared":[208],"MUSIC-type":[210],"baselines":[211],"while":[212],"avoiding":[213],"pre-defined":[214],"grid":[215],"construction":[216],"training":[219],"data.":[220],"establishes":[223],"computation":[225],"powerful":[228],"flexible":[230],"paradigm":[231],"paving":[236],"way":[238],"future":[240],"innovations":[241],"domain.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}