{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134263566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963","title":"Skeleton-to-Image Encoding: Enabling Skeleton Representation Learning via Vision-Pretrained Models","display_name":"Skeleton-to-Image Encoding: Enabling Skeleton Representation Learning via Vision-Pretrained Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134263566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128422270","display_name":"Siyuan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Siyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128384190","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128624281","display_name":"Hao Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128450155","display_name":"Chong Wang (4488526)","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128597780","display_name":"Shijian Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Shijian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021003965","display_name":"Hedvig Kjellstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-9655"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kjellstrom, Hedvig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128620593","display_name":"Weisi Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Weisi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128572946","display_name":"Alex C. Kot","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kot, Alex C.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27358927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.881600022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.881600022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeleton","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","score":0.7275000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6855999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-skeleton","display_name":"Topological skeleton","score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skeleton","display_name":"Human skeleton","score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-synthesis","display_name":"Image synthesis","score":0.33739998936653137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7275000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6855999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112785775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786441","display_name":"Topological skeleton","level":4,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777846634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9621","display_name":"Human skeleton","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989087649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Image synthesis","level":3,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777971045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377526","display_name":"Axial skeleton","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,38],"large-scale":[3,45],"pretrained":[4],"vision":[5],"models":[6,114,134],"have":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"impressive":[9],"capabilities":[10],"across":[11],"a":[12,77,159],"wide":[13],"range":[14],"of":[15,44,111,181],"downstream":[16],"tasks,":[17],"including":[18,189],"cross-modal":[19],"and":[20,48,89,96,174,179],"multi-modal":[21,56],"scenarios.":[22],"However,":[23],"their":[24],"direct":[25],"application":[26],"to":[27,35,51,98,125,136],"3D":[28],"human":[29],"skeleton":[30,46,53,82,117,126,130,139,167,186],"data":[31,39,54,86,151],"remains":[32],"challenging":[33,191],"due":[34],"fundamental":[36],"differences":[37],"format.":[40],"Moreover,":[41],"the":[42,49,106,109,143,177],"scarcity":[43],"datasets":[47],"need":[50],"incorporate":[52],"into":[55,84],"action":[57],"recognition":[58],"without":[59],"introducing":[60],"additional":[61],"model":[62],"branches":[63],"present":[64],"significant":[65],"research":[66],"opportunities.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"these":[70],"challenges,":[71],"we":[72],"introduce":[73],"Skeleton-to-Image":[74],"Encoding":[75],"(S2I),":[76],"novel":[78],"representation":[79,118,157,187],"that":[80,146,163],"transforms":[81],"sequences":[83],"image-like":[85,161],"by":[87],"partitioning":[88],"arranging":[90],"joints":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93,171],"body-part":[94],"semantics":[95],"resizing":[97],"standardized":[99],"image":[100],"dimensions.":[101],"This":[102],"encoding":[103],"enables,":[104],"for":[105,115,184],"first":[107],"time,":[108],"use":[110],"powerful":[112],"vision-pretrained":[113],"self-supervised":[116,185],"learning,":[119,188],"effectively":[120],"transferring":[121],"rich":[122],"visual-domain":[123],"knowledge":[124],"analysis.":[127],"While":[128],"existing":[129],"methods":[131],"often":[132],"design":[133],"tailored":[135],"specific,":[137],"homogeneous":[138],"formats,":[140],"they":[141],"overlook":[142],"structural":[144],"heterogeneity":[145],"naturally":[147,164],"arises":[148],"from":[149],"diverse":[150],"sources.":[152],"In":[153],"contrast,":[154],"our":[155,182],"S2I":[156],"offers":[158],"unified":[160],"format":[162],"accommodates":[165],"heterogeneous":[166],"data.":[168],"Extensive":[169],"experiments":[170],"NTU-60,":[172],"NTU-120,":[173],"PKU-MMD":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"generalizability":[180],"method":[183],"under":[190],"cross-format":[192],"evaluation":[193],"settings.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-10T00:00:00"}
