{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134274510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728","title":"LTLGuard: Formalizing LTL Specifications with Compact Language Models and Lightweight Symbolic Reasoning","display_name":"LTLGuard: Formalizing LTL Specifications with Compact Language Models and Lightweight Symbolic Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134274510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080956781","display_name":"Medina Andre\u015fel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4424-7817"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andresel, Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021055277","display_name":"Cristinel Mateis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-0688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateis, Cristinel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128505178","display_name":"Dejan Nickovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nickovic, Dejan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128536698","display_name":"Spyridon Kounoupidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kounoupidis, Spyridon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002757052","display_name":"Panagiotis Katsaros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-5295"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katsaros, Panagiotis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080042319","display_name":"Stavros Tripakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1777-493X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tripakis, Stavros","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21904762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.574400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.574400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.31940001249313354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.020800000056624413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-temporal-logic","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","score":0.5454000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.4465999901294708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7710999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4777664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536492","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.5454000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9616225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929429","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779631151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883767","display_name":"Underspecification","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198008173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040040","display_name":"Computation tree logic","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11648818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2403081","display_name":"Temporal logic of actions","level":4,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185954173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4347052","display_name":"Object language","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Translating":[0],"informal":[1,72,94],"requirements":[2],"into":[3],"formal":[4,49,85],"specifications":[5,70,92],"is":[6,20],"challenging":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,43,63,88,110],"the":[10,99,116,119,129,132,142],"ambiguity":[11],"and":[12,28,40,47,121,131,137],"variability":[13],"of":[14,37,102,118,134,141],"natural":[15],"language":[16,30],"(NL).":[17],"This":[18],"challenge":[19],"particularly":[21],"pronounced":[22],"when":[23],"relying":[24],"on":[25,56],"compact":[26],"(small":[27],"medium)":[29],"models,":[31],"which":[32],"may":[33],"lack":[34],"robust":[35],"knowledge":[36],"temporal":[38,67],"logic":[39,68],"thus":[41,122],"struggle":[42],"produce":[44],"syntactically":[45],"valid":[46],"consistent":[48],"specifications.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"work,":[53],"we":[54],"focus":[55],"enabling":[57],"resource-efficient":[58],"open-weight":[59],"models":[60],"(4B--14B":[61],"parameters)":[62],"generate":[64,89],"correct":[65],"linear":[66],"(LTL)":[69],"from":[71,93],"requirements.":[73],"We":[74,127],"present":[75],"LTLGuard,":[76],"a":[77],"modular":[78],"toolchain":[79],"that":[80],"combines":[81],"constrained":[82],"generation":[83],"with":[84,105],"consistency":[86],"checking":[87],"conflict-free":[90],"LTL":[91],"input.":[95],"Our":[96],"method":[97],"integrates":[98],"generative":[100],"capabilities":[101],"model":[103],"languages":[104],"lightweight":[106],"automated":[107],"reasoning":[108],"tools":[109],"iteratively":[111],"refine":[112],"candidate":[113],"specifications,":[114],"understand":[115],"origin":[117],"conflicts":[120],"help":[123],"in":[124],"eliminating":[125],"inconsistencies.":[126],"demonstrate":[128],"usability":[130],"effectiveness":[133],"our":[135],"approach":[136],"perform":[138],"quantitative":[139],"evaluation":[140],"resulting":[143],"framework.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-10T00:00:00"}
