{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134266029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637","title":"Real Faults in Model Context Protocol (MCP) Software: a Comprehensive Taxonomy","display_name":"Real Faults in Model Context Protocol (MCP) Software: a Comprehensive Taxonomy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134266029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023836003","display_name":"Mina Taraghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8250-4200"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taraghi, Mina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048134538","display_name":"Mohammad Mehdi Morovati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-4791"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morovati, Mohammad Mehdi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128464672","display_name":"Foutse Khomh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khomh, Foutse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2367956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.42239999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.42239999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.25859999656677246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.32850000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.642300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50712370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4269346","display_name":"Software fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74579156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554342","display_name":"Software peer review","level":5,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,150],"rapid":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,11,45,52,98,114,134,141,190,199],"foundation":[4,53],"models":[5,54],"has":[6,33,73],"significantly":[7],"expanded":[8],"the":[9,49,110,130,184,197],"capabilities":[10],"software":[12,82,84,103,206],"systems,":[13,83],"enabling":[14],"them":[15],"to":[16,28,77],"perform":[17],"complex":[18],"language,":[19],"reasoning,":[20],"and":[21,58,66,86,132,147,161,180,187,203],"interaction":[22],"tasks":[23],"that":[24,38,153,165,208],"were":[25,39],"previously":[26],"difficult":[27],"automate.":[29],"However,":[30],"this":[31,106,135,173],"progress":[32],"also":[34],"introduced":[35],"novel":[36],"challenges":[37],"largely":[40],"absent":[41],"in":[42,101,116,159],"previous":[43],"generations":[44],"software.":[46],"In":[47,105],"particular,":[48],"increasing":[50],"integration":[51],"with":[55,144],"external":[56,87],"tools":[57],"resources":[59],"raises":[60],"new":[61],"concerns":[62],"regarding":[63],"reliability,":[64],"security,":[65],"robustness.":[67],"Model":[69],"Context":[70],"Protocol":[71],"(MCP)":[72],"recently":[74],"been":[75],"proposed":[76],"standardize":[78],"interactions":[79],"between":[80],"AI-based":[81],"tools,":[85],"resources.":[88],"Despite":[89],"its":[90],"growing":[91],"adoption,":[92],"there":[93],"remains":[94],"limited":[95],"systematic":[96],"understanding":[97],"real-world":[99],"faults":[100,115,168],"MCP-based":[102,191],"systems.":[104,192],"paper,":[107],"we":[108,137],"present":[109],"first":[111],"large-scale":[112],"taxonomy":[113],"MCP":[117,142],"servers,":[118],"comprising":[119],"five":[120],"high-level":[121],"fault":[122,156],"categories":[123,157],"derived":[124],"from":[125,169],"empirical":[126],"evidence.":[127],"To":[128],"evaluate":[129],"completeness":[131],"generalizability":[133],"taxonomy,":[136],"conduct":[138],"a":[139],"survey":[140],"practitioners":[143,181],"diverse":[145],"roles":[146],"experience":[148],"levels.":[149],"results":[151],"confirm":[152],"all":[154],"identified":[155],"occur":[158],"practice":[160],"reveal":[162],"distinct":[163],"characteristics":[164],"differentiate":[166],"MCP-specific":[167],"non-MCP":[170],"faults.":[171],"Overall,":[172],"study":[174],"provides":[175],"actionable":[176],"insights":[177,194],"for":[178],"researchers":[179],"by":[182],"identifying":[183],"most":[185],"error-prone":[186],"critical":[188],"components":[189],"These":[193],"can":[195],"inform":[196],"development":[198],"more":[200],"robust,":[201],"reliable,":[202],"secure":[204],"AI-enabled":[205],"systems":[207],"rely":[209],"on":[210],"MCP.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-03-10T00:00:00"}