{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134040938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471","title":"Leveraging LLM Parametric Knowledge for Fact Checking without Retrieval","display_name":"Leveraging LLM Parametric Knowledge for Fact Checking without Retrieval","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134040938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054388208","display_name":"Artem Vazhentsev","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vazhentsev, Artem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116361687","display_name":"Maria Marina","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina, Maria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081660056","display_name":"Daniil Moskovskiy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7943-4259"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moskovskiy, Daniil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002713790","display_name":"Sergey Pletenev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-4268"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pletenev, Sergey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077094574","display_name":"Mikhail Seleznyov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seleznyov, Mikhail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128231953","display_name":"Mikhail Salnikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salnikov, Mikhail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128228740","display_name":"Elena Tutubalina","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tutubalina, Elena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080930394","display_name":"Vasily Konovalov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-4718"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konovalov, Vasily","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128233677","display_name":"Irina Nikishina","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikishina, Irina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128226713","display_name":"Alexander Panchenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panchenko, Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128241492","display_name":"Viktor Moskvoretskii","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moskvoretskii, Viktor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5755000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5755000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.07800000160932541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.4016999900341034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8299000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6135648488998413}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trustworthiness":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,57,106,161,185],"core":[3],"research":[4,187],"challenge":[5],"for":[6,36],"agentic":[7],"AI":[8],"systems":[9,202],"built":[10],"on":[11,88,111,155],"Large":[12],"Language":[13],"Models":[14],"(LLMs).":[15],"To":[16,100],"enhance":[17],"trust,":[18],"natural":[19,93],"language":[20,94],"claims":[21,51],"from":[22],"diverse":[23],"sources,":[24,123],"including":[25],"human-written":[26],"text,":[27],"web":[28],"content,":[29],"and":[30,42,66,126,135,169,196],"model":[31,152],"outputs,":[32],"are":[33,61],"commonly":[34],"checked":[35],"factuality":[37],"by":[38,63],"retrieving":[39],"external":[40,67],"knowledge":[41],"using":[43],"an":[44],"LLM":[45],"to":[46,52,115,147],"verify":[47],"the":[48,53,72,81,89,198,213],"faithfulness":[49],"of":[50,83,91,97,200],"retrieved":[54],"evidence.":[55],"As":[56],"result,":[58],"such":[59,201],"methods":[60,134],"constrained":[62],"retrieval":[64,183],"errors":[65],"data":[68],"availability,":[69],"while":[70],"leaving":[71],"models":[73],"intrinsic":[74],"fact-verification":[75],"capabilities":[76],"largely":[77],"unused.":[78],"We":[79],"propose":[80],"task":[82],"fact-checking":[84,181],"without":[85,182],"retrieval,":[86],"focusing":[87],"verification":[90],"arbitrary":[92],"claims,":[95],"independent":[96],"their":[98],"source.":[99],"study":[101],"this":[102,156],"setting,":[103],"we":[104,158],"introduce":[105,159],"comprehensive":[107],"evaluation":[108],"framework":[109],"focused":[110],"generalization,":[112],"testing":[113],"robustness":[114],"(i)":[116],"long-tail":[117],"knowledge,":[118],"(ii)":[119],"variation":[120],"in":[121],"claim":[122],"(iii)":[124],"multilinguality,":[125],"(iv)":[127],"long-form":[128],"generation.":[129],"Across":[130],"9":[131],"datasets,":[132],"18":[133],"3":[136],"models,":[137],"our":[138,178],"experiments":[139],"indicate":[140],"that":[141,149,163,189],"logit-based":[142],"approaches":[143],"often":[144],"underperform":[145],"compared":[146],"those":[148],"leverage":[150],"internal":[151,167],"representations.":[153],"Building":[154],"finding,":[157],"INTRA,":[160],"method":[162],"exploits":[164],"interactions":[165],"between":[166],"representations":[168],"achieves":[170],"state-of-the-art":[171],"performance":[172],"with":[173],"strong":[174],"generalization.":[175],"More":[176],"broadly,":[177],"work":[179],"establishes":[180],"as":[184,203,209],"promising":[186],"direction":[188],"can":[190],"complement":[191],"retrieval-based":[192],"frameworks,":[193],"improve":[194],"scalability,":[195],"enable":[197],"use":[199],"reward":[204],"signals":[205],"during":[206],"training":[207],"or":[208],"components":[210],"integrated":[211],"into":[212],"generation":[214],"process.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}
