{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134049191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413","title":"Building Enterprise Realtime Voice Agents from Scratch: A Technical Tutorial","display_name":"Building Enterprise Realtime Voice Agents from Scratch: A Technical Tutorial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134049191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126703107","display_name":"Jielin Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Jielin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128277231","display_name":"Zixiang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zixiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128246435","display_name":"Liangwei Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Liangwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128265207","display_name":"Ming Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128273035","display_name":"Zhiwei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128220128","display_name":"Juntao Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Juntao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128245600","display_name":"Wenting Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Wenting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112976037","display_name":"Rithesh Murthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murthy, Rithesh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128235571","display_name":"Roshan Ram","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram, Roshan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075651511","display_name":"Akshara Prabhakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhakar, Akshara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063103006","display_name":"Shelby Heinecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8831-0753"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinecke, Shelby","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128237866","display_name":"Caiming Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong, Caiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128237251","display_name":"Silvio Savarese","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savarese, Silvio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128275256","display_name":"Huan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Huan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27400164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.17829999327659607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.17829999327659607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.07859999686479568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebase","display_name":"Codebase","score":0.6258999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4745999872684479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.756600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.6258999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,35,120,156],"present":[1],"a":[2,122,143,162],"technical":[3],"tutorial":[4,165],"for":[5,24,93,109,170],"building":[6],"enterprise-grade":[7],"realtime":[8,111],"voice":[9,25,112,124],"agents":[10],"from":[11,69],"first":[12],"principles.":[13],"While":[14],"end-to-end":[15,29],"speech-to-speech":[16],"models":[17],"may":[18],"ultimately":[19],"provide":[20],"the":[21,37,65,73,83,106,115,158],"best":[22],"latency":[23,52],"agents,":[26,113],"fully":[27],"self-hosted":[28,110],"solutions":[30],"are":[31],"not":[32,57,72],"yet":[33],"available.":[34],"evaluate":[36],"closest":[38],"candidate,":[39],"Qwen3-Omni,":[40],"across":[41],"three":[42],"configurations:":[43],"its":[44,59,78],"cloud-only":[45],"DashScope":[46],"Realtime":[47],"API":[48],"achieves":[49],"$\\sim$702ms":[50],"audio-to-audio":[51],"with":[53,132,151,166],"streaming,":[54],"but":[55,86],"is":[56],"self-hostable;":[58],"local":[60,79],"vLLM":[61],"deployment":[62,81],"supports":[63],"only":[64],"Thinker":[66],"(text":[67],"generation":[68],"audio,":[70],"516ms),":[71],"Talker":[74],"(audio":[75],"synthesis);":[76],"and":[77,114,138],"Transformers":[80],"runs":[82],"full":[84,152,159],"pipeline":[85,98],"at":[87],"$\\sim$146s":[88],"--":[89],"far":[90],"too":[91],"slow":[92],"realtime.":[94],"The":[95],"cascaded":[96],"streaming":[97],"(STT":[99],"$\\rightarrow$":[100,102],"LLM":[101],"TTS)":[103],"therefore":[104],"remains":[105],"practical":[107],"architecture":[108],"focus":[116],"of":[117,146],"this":[118],"tutorial.":[119],"build":[121],"complete":[123],"agent":[125],"using":[126],"Deepgram":[127],"(streaming":[128,135,140],"STT),":[129],"vLLM-served":[130],"LLMs":[131],"function":[133,153],"calling":[134,154],"text":[136],"generation),":[137],"ElevenLabs":[139],"TTS),":[141],"achieving":[142],"measured":[144],"time-to-first-audio":[145],"755ms":[147],"(best":[148],"case":[149],"729ms)":[150],"support.":[155],"release":[157],"codebase":[160],"as":[161],"9-chapter":[163],"progressive":[164],"working,":[167],"tested":[168],"code":[169],"every":[171],"component.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}