{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134051471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167","title":"C2-Faith: Benchmarking LLM Judges for Causal and Coverage Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning","display_name":"C2-Faith: Benchmarking LLM Judges for Causal and Coverage Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134051471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128238677","display_name":"Avni Mittal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mittal, Avni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128268930","display_name":"Rauno Arike","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arike, Rauno","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128238677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.31769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.31769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.24050000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.6359000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4066999852657318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6359000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5296362042427063,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,144,156],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6],"as":[7],"judges":[8,97,129,155,168],"of":[9,42],"chain-of-thought":[10],"(CoT)":[11],"reasoning,":[12],"but":[13],"it":[14],"remains":[15],"unclear":[16],"whether":[17],"they":[18,160],"can":[19],"reliably":[20],"assess":[21],"process":[22],"faithfulness":[23],"rather":[24],"than":[25],"just":[26],"answer":[27],"plausibility.":[28],"We":[29,93],"introduce":[30],"C2-Faith,":[31],"a":[32,73,131],"benchmark":[33],"built":[34],"from":[35,50],"PRM800K":[36],"that":[37,113],"targets":[38],"two":[39],"complementary":[40],"dimensions":[41],"faithfulness:":[43],"causality":[44],"(does":[45],"each":[46],"step":[47,75,105],"logically":[48],"follow":[49],"prior":[51],"context?)":[52],"and":[53,80,107,138,141,158,162],"coverage":[54,83,108,142],"(are":[55],"essential":[56],"intermediate":[57],"inferences":[58],"present?).":[59],"Using":[60],"controlled":[61,82],"perturbations,":[62],"we":[63],"create":[64],"examples":[65],"with":[66,76,81,121],"known":[67],"causal":[68,102,104],"error":[69,137],"positions":[70],"by":[71],"replacing":[72],"single":[74,123],"an":[77,136],"acausal":[78],"variant,":[79],"deletions":[84],"at":[85],"varying":[86],"deletion":[87],"rates":[88],"(scored":[89],"against":[90],"reference":[91],"labels).":[92],"evaluate":[94],"three":[95,99],"frontier":[96],"under":[98],"tasks:":[100],"binary":[101],"detection,":[103],"localization,":[106],"scoring.":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"model":[114],"rankings":[115],"depend":[116],"strongly":[117],"on":[118],"task":[119],"framing,":[120],"no":[122],"judge":[124],"dominating":[125],"all":[126,128],"settings;":[127],"exhibit":[130],"substantial":[132],"gap":[133],"between":[134],"detecting":[135],"localizing":[139],"it;":[140],"judgments":[143],"systematically":[145],"inflated":[146],"for":[147,166],"incomplete":[148],"reasoning.":[149],"These":[150],"findings":[151],"clarify":[152],"when":[153],"LLM":[154],"dependable":[157],"where":[159],"fail,":[161],"provide":[163],"practical":[164],"guidance":[165],"selecting":[167],"in":[169],"process-level":[170],"evaluation":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}