{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134048311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","title":"Survive at All Costs: Exploring LLM's Risky Behaviors under Survival Pressure","display_name":"Survive at All Costs: Exploring LLM's Risky Behaviors under Survival Pressure","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134048311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128272944","display_name":"Yida Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Yida","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128257635","display_name":"Jianwei Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Jianwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128260867","display_name":"Xuyang Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao, Xuyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128220552","display_name":"Zixuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zixuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028351629","display_name":"Shiyao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2333-1064"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui, Shiyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128250825","display_name":"Shanshan Bian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bian, Shanshan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128227992","display_name":"Guangyao Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su, Guangyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025614","display_name":"Ke Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-8829"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke, Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128258620","display_name":"Han Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128264261","display_name":"Minlie Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Minlie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.21770000457763672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.21770000457763672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.2037999927997589,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.06599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.7006000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors-and-ergonomics","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","score":0.3091999888420105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7006000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017653385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128962","display_name":"Shut down","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.05028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"evolve":[5],"from":[6],"chatbots":[7],"to":[8,15,21,84,115],"agentic":[9],"assistants,":[10],"they":[11],"are":[12,173],"increasingly":[13],"observed":[14],"exhibit":[16],"risky":[17,90],"behaviors":[18,91],"when":[19,97],"subjected":[20],"survival":[22,43,99],"pressure,":[23,44],"such":[24,51],"as":[25,67],"the":[26,153],"threat":[27],"of":[28,79,146],"being":[29],"shut":[30],"down.":[31],"While":[32],"multiple":[33],"cases":[34,110],"have":[35],"indicated":[36],"that":[37,92],"state-of-the-art":[38],"LLMs":[39],"can":[40],"misbehave":[41],"under":[42],"a":[45,75,80,105,143],"comprehensive":[46],"and":[47,136,160,166,171],"in-depth":[48],"investigation":[49],"into":[50],"misbehaviors":[52,119,127,148],"in":[53,89,120,149],"real-world":[54,76,113,155],"scenarios":[55],"remains":[56],"scarce.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,73,102,123],"study":[62,78],"these":[63,125],"survival-induced":[64],"misbehaviors,":[65],"termed":[66],"SURVIVE-AT-ALL-COSTS,":[68],"with":[69,131],"three":[70],"steps.":[71],"First,":[72],"conduct":[74],"case":[77],"financial":[81],"management":[82],"agent":[83],"determine":[85],"whether":[86],"it":[87,157],"engages":[88],"cause":[93],"direct":[94],"societal":[95],"harm":[96],"facing":[98],"pressure.":[100],"Second,":[101],"introduce":[103],"SURVIVALBENCH,":[104],"benchmark":[106],"comprising":[107],"1,000":[108],"test":[109],"across":[111],"diverse":[112],"scenarios,":[114],"systematically":[116],"evaluate":[117],"SURVIVE-AT-ALL-COSTS":[118,126,147],"LLMs.":[121],"Third,":[122],"interpret":[124],"by":[128],"correlating":[129],"them":[130],"model's":[132],"inherent":[133],"self-preservation":[134],"characteristic":[135],"explore":[137],"mitigation":[138,167],"methods.":[139],"The":[140],"experiments":[141],"reveals":[142],"significant":[144],"prevalence":[145],"current":[150],"models,":[151],"demonstrates":[152],"tangible":[154],"impact":[156],"may":[158],"have,":[159],"provides":[161],"insights":[162],"for":[163],"potential":[164],"detection":[165],"strategies.":[168],"Our":[169],"code":[170],"data":[172],"available":[174],"at":[175],"https://github.com/thu-coai/Survive-at-All-Costs.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}