{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134062826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750","title":"HiMAP-Travel: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Planning for Long-Horizon Constrained Travel","display_name":"HiMAP-Travel: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Planning for Long-Horizon Constrained Travel","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134062826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039207340","display_name":"The Viet Bui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4016-3096"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bui, The Viet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446273","display_name":"Wenjun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-2290"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Wenjun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128233423","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Yong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27532996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.2957000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.2957000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.10639999806880951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.07270000129938126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.42489999532699585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6840999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8505890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605095","display_name":"Budget constraint","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sequential":[0],"LLM":[1],"agents":[2,22,77,95],"fail":[3],"on":[4],"long-horizon":[5],"planning":[6,16,36],"with":[7,90,102,118],"hard":[8],"constraints":[9,69],"like":[10],"budgets":[11],"and":[12,18,40,67,82,85,107,122,138,150],"diversity":[13],"requirements.":[14],"As":[15],"progresses":[17],"context":[19],"grows,":[20],"these":[21],"drift":[23],"from":[24],"global":[25],"constraints.":[26],"We":[27],"propose":[28],"HiMAP-Travel,":[29],"a":[30,62,73,86,115],"hierarchical":[31],"multi-agent":[32],"framework":[33],"that":[34,92],"splits":[35],"into":[37],"strategic":[38],"coordination":[39],"parallel":[41,71],"day-level":[42],"execution.":[43],"A":[44],"Coordinator":[45],"allocates":[46],"resources":[47],"across":[48,70],"days,":[49],"while":[50,154],"Day":[51],"Executors":[52],"plan":[53],"independently":[54],"in":[55],"parallel.":[56],"Three":[57],"key":[58],"mechanisms":[59],"enable":[60],"this:":[61],"transactional":[63],"monitor":[64],"enforcing":[65],"budget":[66],"uniqueness":[68],"agents,":[72],"bargaining":[74],"protocol":[75],"allowing":[76],"to":[78],"reject":[79],"infeasible":[80],"sub-goals":[81],"trigger":[83],"re-planning,":[84],"single":[87],"policy":[88],"trained":[89],"GRPO":[91],"powers":[93],"all":[94],"through":[96,158],"role":[97],"conditioning.":[98],"On":[99,142],"TravelPlanner,":[100],"HiMAP-Travel":[101],"Qwen3-8B":[103],"achieves":[104,147],"52.78%":[105],"validation":[106],"52.65%":[108],"test":[109],"Final":[110],"Pass":[111],"Rate":[112],"(FPR).":[113],"In":[114],"controlled":[116],"comparison":[117],"identical":[119],"model,":[120],"training,":[121],"tools,":[123],"it":[124,146],"outperforms":[125],"the":[126],"sequential":[127],"DeepTravel":[128],"baseline":[129],"by":[130,136,140],"+8.67~pp.":[131],"It":[132],"also":[133],"surpasses":[134],"ATLAS":[135],"+17.65~pp":[137],"MTP":[139],"+10.0~pp.":[141],"FlexTravelBench":[143],"multi-turn":[144],"scenarios,":[145],"44.34%":[148],"(2-turn)":[149],"37.42%":[151],"(3-turn)":[152],"FPR":[153],"reducing":[155],"latency":[156],"2.5x":[157],"parallelization.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}