{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134047175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408","title":"Probing Memes in LLMs: A Paradigm for the Entangled Evaluation World","display_name":"Probing Memes in LLMs: A Paradigm for the Entangled Evaluation World","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134047175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089952883","display_name":"Luzhou Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6997-1448"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng, Luzhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128270983","display_name":"Zhengxin (Jasmine) Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Zhengxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128253844","display_name":"Honglu Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji, Honglu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073570292","display_name":"Yikang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-0472"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yikang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083043281","display_name":"Fanda Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-0959"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Fanda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114032514","display_name":"W J Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Wanling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078917537","display_name":"Jiayuan Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge, Jiayuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128221916","display_name":"Yilin Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Yilin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhan, Jianfeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan, Jianfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.17659999430179596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.17659999430179596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.10050000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite","display_name":"Elite","score":0.3248000144958496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6365000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126349790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905036","display_name":"Computational sociology","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.04408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"evaluation":[1,81,158],"paradigms":[2,133],"for":[3,103,109],"large":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6,9,25,87,136,142],"(LLMs)":[7],"characterize":[8],"and":[10,24,70,88,106,118,127,151],"datasets":[11,18,117],"separately,":[12],"yielding":[13],"coarse":[14],"descriptions:":[15],"items":[16,43,105],"in":[17],"are":[19,26],"treated":[20],"as":[21,32,55,64,82],"pre-labeled":[22],"entries,":[23],"summarized":[27],"by":[28,62],"overall":[29],"scores":[30],"such":[31],"accuracy,":[33],"together":[34],"ignoring":[35],"the":[36,76],"diversity":[37],"of":[38,57,86,159],"population-level":[39],"model":[40,111],"behaviors":[41],"across":[42],"with":[44],"varying":[45],"properties.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"this":[49,51,74],"gap,":[50],"paper":[52],"conceptualizes":[53],"LLMs":[54],"composed":[56],"memes,":[58],"a":[59,93],"notion":[60],"introduced":[61],"Dawkins":[63],"cultural":[65],"genes":[66],"that":[67,96,140],"replicate":[68],"knowledge":[69],"behavior.":[71],"Building":[72],"on":[73,92,138],"perspective,":[75],"Probing":[77,121],"Memes":[78,122],"paradigm":[79],"reconceptualizes":[80],"an":[83],"entangled":[84],"world":[85],"data.":[89],"It":[90,145],"centers":[91],"Perception":[94],"Matrix":[95],"captures":[97],"model-item":[98],"interactions,":[99],"enabling":[100],"Probe":[101],"Properties":[102],"characterizing":[104],"Meme":[107],"Scores":[108],"depicting":[110],"behavioral":[112],"traits.":[113],"Applied":[114],"to":[115],"9":[116],"4,507":[119],"LLMs,":[120],"reveals":[123],"hidden":[124],"capability":[125],"structures":[126],"quantifies":[128],"phenomena":[129],"invisible":[130],"under":[131],"traditional":[132],"(e.g.,":[134],"elite":[135],"failing":[137],"problems":[139],"most":[141],"answer":[143],"easily).":[144],"not":[146],"only":[147],"supports":[148],"more":[149],"informative":[150],"extensible":[152],"benchmarks":[153],"but":[154],"also":[155],"enables":[156],"population-based":[157],"LLMs.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}