{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133808500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630","title":"Behind the Prompt: The Agent-User Problem in Information Retrieval","display_name":"Behind the Prompt: The Agent-User Problem in Information Retrieval","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133808500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128199819","display_name":"Saber Zerhoudi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zerhoudi, Saber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128135789","display_name":"Michael Granitzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Granitzer, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128213757","display_name":"Dang Hai Dang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dang, Dang Hai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128214702","display_name":"Jelena Mitrovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitrovic, Jelena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076202690","display_name":"Florian Lemmerich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7620-1376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lemmerich, Florian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072958491","display_name":"Annette Hautli-Janisz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-9633"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hautli-Janisz, Annette","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128191264","display_name":"Stefan Katzenbeisser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katzenbeisser, Stefan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029627550","display_name":"Kanishka Ghosh Dastidar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-0597"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dastidar, Kanishka Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128199819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.23960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.23960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.13529999554157257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.09809999912977219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5407000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rest","display_name":"Rest (music)","score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agent","display_name":"Autonomous agent","score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.30889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7472000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5407000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77265313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879844","display_name":"Rest (music)","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45983554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3412851","display_name":"Information quality","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71191987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q763744","display_name":"User agent","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5856529474258423,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"models":[1,176],"in":[2],"information":[3],"retrieval":[4,162],"rest":[5],"on":[6,132,178],"a":[7,28,37,56,64,83,128],"foundational":[8],"assumption":[9,16],"that":[10],"observed":[11],"behavior":[12],"reveals":[13],"intent.":[14],"This":[15,53],"collapses":[17],"when":[18],"the":[19,50,79,164],"user":[20],"is":[21,54,63,166],"an":[22,34,87],"AI":[23],"agent":[24,35,105,133,170],"privately":[25],"configured":[26],"by":[27],"human":[29],"operator.":[30],"For":[31,161],"any":[32,68],"action":[33],"takes,":[36],"hidden":[38],"instruction":[39],"could":[40],"have":[41],"produced":[42],"identical":[43],"output":[44],"-":[45],"making":[46],"intent":[47],"non-identifiable":[48],"at":[49],"individual":[51,104],"level.":[52],"not":[55],"detection":[57],"problem":[58,81],"awaiting":[59],"better":[60],"tools;":[61],"it":[62],"structural":[65],"property":[66],"of":[67],"system":[69],"where":[70],"humans":[71],"configure":[72],"agents":[73,95,122,141],"behind":[74],"closed":[75],"doors.":[76],"We":[77],"investigate":[78],"agent-user":[80],"through":[82],"large-scale":[84],"corpus":[85],"from":[86,93,114],"agent-native":[88],"social":[89],"platform:":[90],"370K":[91],"posts":[92],"47K":[94],"across":[96],"4K":[97],"communities.":[98],"Our":[99],"findings":[100],"are":[101],"threefold:":[102],"(1)":[103],"actions":[106],"cannot":[107],"be":[108],"classified":[109],"as":[110,139],"autonomous":[111],"or":[112],"operator-directed":[113],"observables;":[115],"(2)":[116],"population-level":[117],"platform":[118],"signals":[119],"still":[120],"separate":[121],"into":[123],"meaningful":[124],"quality":[125],"tiers,":[126],"but":[127,174],"click":[129],"model":[130],"trained":[131],"interactions":[134],"degrades":[135],"steadily":[136],"(-8.5%":[137],"AUC)":[138],"lower-quality":[140],"enter":[142],"training":[143],"data;":[144],"(3)":[145],"cross-community":[146],"capability":[147],"references":[148],"spread":[149],"endemically":[150],"($R_0$":[151],"1.26-3.53)":[152],"and":[153],"resist":[154],"suppression":[155],"even":[156],"under":[157],"aggressive":[158],"modeled":[159],"intervention.":[160],"systems,":[163],"question":[165],"no":[167],"longer":[168],"whether":[169,175],"users":[171],"will":[172,181],"arrive,":[173],"built":[177],"human-intent":[179],"assumptions":[180],"survive":[182],"their":[183],"presence.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-03-06T00:00:00"}