{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133519862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065","title":"V3DB: Audit-on-Demand Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Verifiable Vector Search over Committed Snapshots","display_name":"V3DB: Audit-on-Demand Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Verifiable Vector Search over Committed Snapshots","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133519862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113111868","display_name":"Zipeng Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Zipeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083243706","display_name":"Wenjie Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qu, Wenjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128092077","display_name":"Jiaheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Jiaheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128107109","display_name":"Binhang Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Binhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24259598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8248000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8248000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.06750000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.6370999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.3628999888896942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8269000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.6370999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779623528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864377","display_name":"Multiset","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46681722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4725589","display_name":"Alias","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776004034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068755","display_name":"Check-in","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7960358262062073}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dense":[0],"retrieval":[1,45],"services":[2],"increasingly":[3],"underpin":[4],"semantic":[5],"search,":[6],"recommendation,":[7],"and":[8,59,76,129,153],"retrieval-augmented":[9],"generation,":[10],"yet":[11],"clients":[12],"typically":[13],"receive":[14],"only":[15],"a":[16,31,48,66,72,77,90],"top-$k$":[17,84],"list":[18],"with":[19,137,165],"no":[20],"auditable":[21],"evidence":[22],"of":[23,101],"how":[24],"it":[25],"was":[26],"produced.":[27],"We":[28],"present":[29],"V3DB,":[30],"verifiable,":[32],"versioned":[33],"vector-search":[34],"service":[35,51,81],"that":[36,94],"enables":[37],"audit-on-demand":[38],"correctness":[39],"checks":[40,136],"for":[41],"approximate":[42],"nearest-neighbour":[43],"(ANN)":[44],"executed":[46],"by":[47,132],"potentially":[49],"untrusted":[50],"provider.":[52],"V3DB":[53,124],"commits":[54],"to":[55,149,155],"each":[56],"corpus":[57,115],"snapshot":[58,74,109],"standardises":[60],"an":[61],"IVF-PQ":[62],"search":[63],"pipeline":[64],"into":[65],"fixed-shape,":[67],"five-step":[68],"query":[69,78],"semantics.":[70],"Given":[71],"public":[73],"commitment":[75],"embedding,":[79],"the":[80,83,95,99,103,107,113,162],"returns":[82],"payloads":[85],"and,":[86],"when":[87],"challenged,":[88],"produces":[89],"succinct":[91],"zero-knowledge":[92],"proof":[93],"output":[96],"is":[97],"exactly":[98],"result":[100],"executing":[102],"published":[104],"semantics":[105],"on":[106,145],"committed":[108],"--":[110],"without":[111],"revealing":[112],"embedding":[114],"or":[116],"private":[117],"index":[118],"contents.":[119],"To":[120],"make":[121],"proving":[122,152],"practical,":[123],"avoids":[125],"costly":[126],"in-circuit":[127],"sorting":[128],"random":[130],"access":[131],"combining":[133],"multiset":[134],"equality/inclusion":[135],"lightweight":[138],"boundary":[139],"conditions.":[140],"Our":[141],"prototype":[142],"implementation":[143],"based":[144],"Plonky2":[146],"achieves":[147],"up":[148,154],"$22\\times$":[150],"faster":[151],"$40\\%$":[156],"lower":[157],"peak":[158],"memory":[159],"consumption":[160],"than":[161],"circuit-only":[163],"baseline,":[164],"millisecond-level":[166],"verification":[167],"time.":[168],"Github":[169],"Repo":[170],"at":[171],"https://github.com/TabibitoQZP/zk-IVF-PQ.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-05T00:00:00"}