{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133351702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","title":"Can Thinking Models Think to Detect Hateful Memes?","display_name":"Can Thinking Models Think to Detect Hateful Memes?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133351702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109021944","display_name":"Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kmainasi, Mohamed Bayan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086826049","display_name":"M\u00fccahid Kutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5660-4992"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kutlu, Mucahid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109021945","display_name":"Ali Ezzat Shahroor","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahroor, Ali Ezzat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127948918","display_name":"Abul Hasnat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasnat, Abul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024395000","display_name":"Md. Firoj Alam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alam, Firoj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.49070000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.49070000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.1598999947309494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.28439998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5122380256652832,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hateful":[0,121],"memes":[1],"often":[2],"require":[3],"compositional":[4],"multimodal":[5,24],"reasoning:":[6],"the":[7,120],"image":[8],"and":[9,59,99,110,133,139,154],"text":[10],"may":[11],"appear":[12],"benign":[13],"in":[14,53],"isolation,":[15],"yet":[16],"their":[17,34],"interaction":[18],"conveys":[19],"harmful":[20],"intent.":[21],"Although":[22],"thinking-based":[23,54],"large":[25],"language":[26],"models":[27],"(MLLMs)":[28],"have":[29],"recently":[30],"advanced":[31],"vision-language":[32],"understanding,":[33,82],"capabilities":[35],"remain":[36],"underexplored":[37],"for":[38,79],"hateful":[39,80,87],"meme":[40,81,88,108],"analysis.":[41],"We":[42,146],"propose":[43],"a":[44,60,72,102],"reinforcement":[45],"learning":[46],"based":[47],"post-training":[48],"framework":[49],"that":[50,105,125],"improves":[51],"reasoning":[52],"MLLMs":[55,78],"through":[56],"task-specific":[57],"rewards":[58],"novel":[61],"Group":[62],"Relative":[63],"Policy":[64],"Optimization":[65],"(GRPO)":[66],"objective.":[67],"Specifically,":[68],"we":[69],"(i)":[70],"conduct":[71],"systematic":[73],"empirical":[74],"study":[75],"of":[76],"off-the-shelf":[77],"(ii)":[83],"extend":[84],"an":[85],"existing":[86],"dataset":[89,152],"by":[90,135,142],"generating":[91],"weakly":[92],"or":[93],"pseudo-supervised":[94],"chain-of-thought":[95],"rationales":[96],"via":[97],"distillation,":[98],"(iii)":[100],"introduce":[101],"GRPO-based":[103],"objective":[104],"jointly":[106],"optimizes":[107],"classification":[109],"explanation":[111,140],"quality":[112,141],"to":[113,157],"encourage":[114],"fine-grained,":[115],"step-by-step":[116],"reasoning.":[117],"Experiments":[118],"on":[119],"Memes":[122],"benchmark":[123],"show":[124],"our":[126,150],"approach":[127],"achieves":[128],"state-of-the-art":[129],"performance,":[130],"improving":[131],"accuracy":[132],"F1":[134],"approximately":[136,143],"1":[137],"percent":[138],"3":[144],"percent.":[145],"will":[147],"publicly":[148],"release":[149],"code,":[151],"extensions,":[153],"evaluation":[155],"resources":[156],"support":[158],"reproducibility.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
