{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133357380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","title":"China leads scientific trends; the West launches new ones","display_name":"China leads scientific trends; the West launches new ones","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133357380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080379048","display_name":"Jeffrey W. Lockhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-9588"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lockhart, Jeffrey W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029980254","display_name":"Jamshid Sourati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-2793"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourati, Jamshid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127907719","display_name":"Feng Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127971760","display_name":"James Evans","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evans, James","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14350","display_name":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14350","display_name":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13726","display_name":"International Science and Diplomacy","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6342999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier","display_name":"Frontier","score":0.6258999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-leadership","display_name":"Global Leadership","score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline","display_name":"Discipline","score":0.4544999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.32710000872612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6342999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.6258999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141256883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570465","display_name":"Global Leadership","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.4544999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"nations":[1],"shape":[2,204],"the":[3,72,110,143,181,188,205],"scientific":[4,73],"frontier":[5],"matters":[6],"for":[7,191,211],"technological":[8,209],"competition,":[9],"but":[10,149],"standard":[11],"metrics,":[12],"including":[13,170],"publication":[14],"counts,":[15],"citations,":[16],"and":[17,22,33,39,61,84,103,131,140,167,174,187],"disruption":[18],"indices,":[19],"look":[20],"backward":[21],"fail":[23],"to":[24,42,63,91,129,203],"distinguish":[25],"between":[26],"fundamentally":[27],"different":[28],"leadership":[29,65,93,151,210],"strategies.":[30],"We":[31],"develop":[32],"validate":[34],"two":[35],"forward-looking":[36],"model-based":[37],"measures":[38],"apply":[40],"them":[41],"tens":[43],"of":[44,46,59,82,199,208],"millions":[45],"articles":[47],"since":[48],"1990.":[49],"The":[50,77,137,197],"first":[51],"embeds":[52,79],"research":[53,90,156],"pathways":[54],"within":[55],"an":[56],"evolving":[57,80],"hypergraph":[58],"concepts":[60],"scientists":[62],"identify":[64,92],"in":[66,88,94,113,124,152,195],"emerging":[67,114],"areas--work":[68],"that":[69],"anticipates":[70],"where":[71],"crowd":[74],"is":[75],"heading.":[76],"second":[78],"samples":[81],"ideas":[83],"disciplines":[85],"drawn":[86],"upon":[87],"past":[89],"surprising":[95],"new":[96],"directions":[97],"as":[98],"unexpected":[99],"combinations":[100],"become":[101],"routine":[102],"science":[104,178],"reorganizes":[105],"around":[106],"them.":[107],"China":[108],"became":[109],"global":[111,206],"leader":[112],"areas":[115],"roughly":[116],"a":[117,127],"decade":[118],"ago,":[119],"well":[120],"before":[121],"it":[122],"led":[123],"volume,":[125],"reflecting":[126],"capacity":[128],"detect":[130],"amplify":[132],"nascent":[133],"consensus":[134],"at":[135],"scale.":[136],"United":[138],"States":[139],"Europe":[141],"show":[142],"opposite":[144],"profile:":[145],"declining":[146],"emergence":[147],"shares":[148],"persistent":[150],"prescient":[153],"work,":[154],"especially":[155],"bridging":[157],"disciplinary":[158],"boundaries.":[159],"These":[160],"patterns":[161],"replicate":[162],"across":[163],"databases,":[164],"attribution":[165],"methods,":[166],"strategic":[168],"domains,":[169],"AI,":[171],"biotechnology,":[172],"energy,":[173],"semiconductors.":[175],"Nations":[176],"lead":[177],"by":[179,184],"reading":[180],"landscape":[182],"or":[183],"reshaping":[185],"it,":[186],"institutional":[189],"requirements":[190],"each":[192],"strategy":[193],"lie":[194],"tension.":[196],"distribution":[198],"these":[200],"strategies":[201],"promises":[202],"structure":[207],"decades.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
