{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133344723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","title":"Understanding LoRA as Knowledge Memory: An Empirical Analysis","display_name":"Understanding LoRA as Knowledge Memory: An Empirical Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133344723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127940509","display_name":"Seungju Back","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Back, Seungju","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128033281","display_name":"Dongwoo Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Dongwoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087802729","display_name":"Naun Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Naun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123014343","display_name":"Taehee Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Taehee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127984624","display_name":"S. K. Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong, S. K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012323997","display_name":"Youngjune Gwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwon, Youngjune","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127998449","display_name":"Sungjin Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahn, Sungjin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.26980000734329224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.26980000734329224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1851000040769577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1356000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7142000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779117054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406345","display_name":"Straddle","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4731917083263397,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"knowledge":[1,56],"updating":[2],"for":[3],"pre-trained":[4],"large":[5],"language":[6],"models":[7],"(LLMs)":[8],"is":[9],"increasingly":[10],"necessary":[11],"yet":[12],"remains":[13],"challenging.":[14],"Although":[15,58],"inference-time":[16],"methods":[17],"like":[18],"In-Context":[19],"Learning":[20],"(ICL)":[21],"and":[22,35,71,98,105,139],"Retrieval-Augmented":[23],"Generation":[24],"(RAG)":[25],"are":[26],"popular,":[27],"they":[28],"face":[29],"constraints":[30],"in":[31],"context":[32],"budgets,":[33],"costs,":[34],"retrieval":[36],"fragmentation.":[37],"Departing":[38],"from":[39,94],"these":[40],"context-dependent":[41],"paradigms,":[42],"this":[43,63,78],"work":[44],"investigates":[45],"a":[46,54,112],"parametric":[47],"approach":[48],"using":[49],"Low-Rank":[50],"Adaptation":[51],"(LoRA)":[52],"as":[53,131],"modular":[55],"memory.":[57,125],"few":[59],"recent":[60],"works":[61],"examine":[62],"concept,":[64],"the":[65,81,87,120,132],"fundamental":[66],"mechanics":[67],"governing":[68],"its":[69],"capacity":[70,97],"composability":[72],"remain":[73],"largely":[74],"unexplored.":[75],"We":[76],"bridge":[77],"gap":[79],"through":[80],"first":[82],"systematic":[83],"empirical":[84],"study":[85],"mapping":[86],"design":[88],"space":[89],"of":[90,123,135],"LoRA-based":[91],"memory,":[92],"ranging":[93],"characterizing":[95],"storage":[96],"optimizing":[99],"internalization":[100],"to":[101],"scaling":[102],"multi-module":[103],"systems":[104],"evaluating":[106],"long-context":[107],"reasoning.":[108],"Rather":[109],"than":[110],"proposing":[111],"single":[113],"architecture,":[114],"we":[115],"provide":[116],"practical":[117],"guidance":[118],"on":[119],"operational":[121],"boundaries":[122],"LoRA":[124,130],"Overall,":[126],"our":[127],"findings":[128],"position":[129],"complementary":[133],"axis":[134],"memory":[136],"alongside":[137],"RAG":[138],"ICL,":[140],"offering":[141],"distinct":[142],"advantages.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
