{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133319730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","title":"QQ: A Toolkit for Language Identifiers and Metadata","display_name":"QQ: A Toolkit for Language Identifiers and Metadata","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133319730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065843396","display_name":"Wessel Poelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0727-3767"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poelman, Wessel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627355","display_name":"Yiyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2482-6446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127906381","display_name":"Miryam de Lhoneux","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"de Lhoneux, Miryam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.7229999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.7229999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.020099999383091927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7354999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.7315000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-traversal","display_name":"Graph traversal","score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.3684000074863434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8901000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7354999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.7315000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96333769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907955","display_name":"Graph traversal","level":3,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119839945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545185","display_name":"Unique identifier","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7875118851661682,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3],"languages":[4,22,134],"considered":[5],"in":[6,125],"multilingual":[7,126],"NLP,":[8],"including":[9],"new":[10],"datasets":[11,29,49],"and":[12,18,25,45,94,99,112,136],"tasks,":[13],"poses":[14],"challenges":[15],"regarding":[16],"properly":[17],"accurately":[19],"reporting":[20],"which":[21],"are":[23],"used":[24],"how.":[26],"For":[27],"example,":[28],"often":[30],"use":[31,36,41,50],"different":[32],"language":[33,79,85,97],"identifiers;":[34],"some":[35],"BCP-47":[37],"(e.g.":[38],"en_Latn),":[39],"others":[40],"ISO":[42],"639-1":[43],"(en),":[44],"more":[46],"linguistically":[47],"oriented":[48],"Glottocodes":[51],"(stan1293).":[52],"Mapping":[53],"between":[54,96],"identifiers":[55],"is":[56],"manageable":[57],"for":[58,77,142],"a":[59,73,88,101,121],"few":[60],"dozen":[61],"languages,":[62,144],"but":[63],"becomes":[64],"unscalable":[65],"when":[66],"dealing":[67],"with":[68,132],"thousands.":[69],"We":[70],"introduce":[71],"QwanQwa,":[72],"light-weight":[74],"Python":[75],"toolkit":[76],"unified":[78],"metadata":[80],"management.":[81],"QQ":[82,116],"integrates":[83],"multiple":[84],"resources":[86],"into":[87],"single":[89],"interface,":[90],"provides":[91],"convenient":[92],"normalization":[93],"mapping":[95],"identifiers,":[98],"affords":[100],"graph-based":[102],"structure":[103],"that":[104],"enables":[105],"traversal":[106],"across":[107],"families,":[108],"regions,":[109],"writing":[110],"systems,":[111],"other":[113,155],"linguistic":[114],"attributes.":[115],"serves":[117],"both":[118],"as":[119,138,146],"(1)":[120],"simple":[122],"\"glue\"":[123],"library":[124],"NLP":[127],"research":[128],"to":[129],"make":[130],"working":[131],"many":[133],"easier,":[135],"(2)":[137],"an":[139],"intuitive":[140],"way":[141],"exploring":[143],"such":[145],"finding":[147],"related":[148],"ones":[149],"through":[150],"shared":[151],"scripts,":[152],"regions":[153],"or":[154],"metadata.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
