{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133340052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","title":"RAFM: Retrieval-Augmented Flow Matching for Unpaired CBCT-to-CT Translation","display_name":"RAFM: Retrieval-Augmented Flow Matching for Unpaired CBCT-to-CT Translation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133340052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127904658","display_name":"Xianhao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xianhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127963661","display_name":"Jianghao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jianghao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042832520","display_name":"Lanfeng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3570-382X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong, Lanfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009676301","display_name":"Ku Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Ku","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121150089","display_name":"Jinlong He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Jinlong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127964534","display_name":"Shaoting Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Shaoting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127975016","display_name":"Guotai Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Guotai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127904658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8962000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8962000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing","display_name":"Pairing","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hounsfield-scale","display_name":"Hounsfield scale","score":0.4050999879837036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14103023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459","display_name":"Pairing","level":3,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187954543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501273","display_name":"Hounsfield scale","level":3,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.00535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cone-beam":[0],"CT":[1,27,145],"(CBCT)":[2],"is":[3,32,72,183],"routinely":[4],"acquired":[5],"in":[6,67],"radiotherapy":[7],"but":[8],"suffers":[9],"from":[10,30],"severe":[11],"artifacts":[12],"and":[13,52,81,91,142,154,179],"unreliable":[14,45],"Hounsfield":[15],"Unit":[16],"(HU)":[17],"values,":[18],"limiting":[19],"its":[20,84],"direct":[21],"use":[22],"for":[23],"dose":[24],"calculation.":[25],"Synthetic":[26],"(sCT)":[28],"generation":[29],"CBCT":[31],"therefore":[33],"an":[34],"important":[35],"task,":[36],"yet":[37],"paired":[38],"CBCT--CT":[39],"data":[40],"are":[41],"often":[42],"unavailable":[43],"or":[44,101],"due":[46,109],"to":[47,110,128],"temporal":[48],"gaps,":[49],"anatomical":[50],"variation,":[51],"registration":[53],"errors.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,117],"work,":[57],"we":[58,119],"introduce":[59],"rectified":[60],"flow":[61],"(RF)":[62],"into":[63],"unpaired":[64,76,156],"CBCT-to-CT":[65],"translation":[66],"medical":[68,89,130],"imaging.":[69],"Although":[70],"RF":[71,127],"theoretically":[73],"compatible":[74],"with":[75,99],"learning":[77],"through":[78],"distribution-level":[79],"coupling":[80,152],"deterministic":[82],"transport,":[83],"practical":[85],"effectiveness":[86],"under":[87,162],"small":[88],"datasets":[90],"limited":[92],"batch":[93],"sizes":[94],"remains":[95],"underexplored.":[96],"Direct":[97],"application":[98],"random":[100],"batch-local":[102],"pseudo":[103,135],"pairing":[104],"can":[105],"produce":[106],"unstable":[107],"supervision":[108],"semantically":[111],"mismatched":[112],"endpoint":[113],"samples.":[114],"To":[115],"address":[116],"challenge,":[118],"propose":[120],"Retrieval-Augmented":[121],"Flow":[122],"Matching":[123],"(RAFM),":[124],"which":[125],"adapts":[126],"the":[129],"setting":[131],"by":[132],"constructing":[133],"retrieval-guided":[134],"pairs":[136],"using":[137],"a":[138,143,163],"frozen":[139],"DINOv3":[140],"encoder":[141],"global":[144],"memory":[146],"bank.":[147],"This":[148],"strategy":[149],"improves":[150],"empirical":[151],"quality":[153],"stabilizes":[155],"flow-based":[157],"training.":[158],"Experiments":[159],"on":[160],"SynthRAD2023":[161],"strict":[164],"subject-level":[165],"true-unpaired":[166],"protocol":[167],"show":[168],"that":[169],"RAFM":[170],"outperforms":[171],"existing":[172],"methods":[173],"across":[174],"FID,":[175],"MAE,":[176],"SSIM,":[177],"PSNR,":[178],"SegScore.":[180],"The":[181],"code":[182],"available":[184],"at":[185],"https://github.com/HiLab-git/RAFM.git.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T07:09:34.246503","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
