{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131644180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","title":"Offline Reasoning for Efficient Recommendation: LLM-Empowered Persona-Profiled Item Indexing","display_name":"Offline Reasoning for Efficient Recommendation: LLM-Empowered Persona-Profiled Item Indexing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131644180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126946682","display_name":"Deogyong Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Deogyong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126879092","display_name":"Junseong Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Junseong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107915639","display_name":"Jeongeun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jeongeun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016214743","display_name":"Changhoe Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Changhoe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126919907","display_name":"Junguel Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Junguel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126855900","display_name":"Jungseok Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jungseok","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126103084","display_name":"Dongha Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Dongha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126946682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.36629998683929443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.36629998683929443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.181099995970726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.10109999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persona","display_name":"Persona","score":0.7742999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5841000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4864000082015991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8015000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C313442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778556","display_name":"Persona","level":2,"score":0.7742999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5841000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778828372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283209","display_name":"Distributional semantics","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778956030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5142477","display_name":"Cold start (automotive)","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780102126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10928179","display_name":"Online and offline","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2],"large":[3],"language":[4],"models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"offer":[7],"new":[8],"opportunities":[9],"for":[10,230],"recommender":[11,232],"systems":[12],"by":[13],"capturing":[14],"the":[15,92,151,168],"nuanced":[16],"semantics":[17],"of":[18,83,112,131],"user":[19,105,148],"interests":[20],"and":[21,28,87,227],"item":[22,101,142,173],"characteristics":[23],"through":[24,156],"rich":[25],"semantic":[26],"understanding":[27],"contextual":[29],"reasoning.":[30,183],"In":[31,65,91],"particular,":[32],"LLMs":[33,97],"have":[34],"been":[35],"employed":[36],"as":[37,124],"rerankers":[38,195],"that":[39,61,74,107,137,187,205,222],"reorder":[40],"candidate":[41],"items":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,139],"inferred":[45,120],"user-item":[46,162],"relevance.":[47,166],"However,":[48],"these":[49,119],"approaches":[50,136],"often":[51],"require":[52],"expensive":[53,181],"online":[54,169],"inference-time":[55],"reasoning,":[56],"leading":[57],"to":[58,78,98,146,192],"high":[59],"latency":[60],"hampers":[62],"real-world":[63],"deployment.":[64],"this":[66,171],"work,":[67],"we":[68],"introduce":[69],"Persona4Rec,":[70],"a":[71,140,157,225],"recommendation":[72],"framework":[73],"performs":[75],"offline":[76,93],"reasoning":[77],"construct":[79],"interpretable":[80,228],"persona":[81,125,155,206],"representations":[82,207],"items,":[84],"enabling":[85],"lightweight":[86],"scalable":[88],"real-time":[89],"inference.":[90],"stage,":[94,170],"Persona4Rec":[95,144,188,223],"leverages":[96],"reason":[99],"over":[100],"reviews,":[102],"inferring":[103],"diverse":[104],"motivations":[106,121],"explain":[108],"why":[109],"different":[110],"types":[111],"users":[113],"may":[114],"engage":[115],"with":[116,150],"an":[117],"item;":[118],"are":[122],"materialized":[123],"representations,":[126],"providing":[127],"multiple,":[128],"human-interpretable":[129],"views":[130],"each":[132],"item.":[133],"Unlike":[134],"conventional":[135],"rely":[138],"single":[141],"representation,":[143],"learns":[145],"align":[147],"profiles":[149],"most":[152],"plausible":[153],"item-side":[154],"dedicated":[158],"encoder,":[159],"effectively":[160],"transforming":[161],"relevance":[163,177],"into":[164],"user-persona":[165],"At":[167],"persona-profiled":[172],"index":[174],"allows":[175],"fast":[176],"computation":[178],"without":[179],"invoking":[180],"LLM":[182],"Extensive":[184],"experiments":[185],"show":[186],"achieves":[189],"performance":[190],"comparable":[191],"recent":[193],"LLM-based":[194],"while":[196],"substantially":[197],"reducing":[198],"inference":[199],"time.":[200],"Moreover,":[201],"qualitative":[202],"analysis":[203],"confirms":[204],"not":[208],"only":[209],"drive":[210],"efficient":[211],"scoring":[212],"but":[213],"also":[214],"provide":[215],"intuitive,":[216],"review-grounded":[217],"explanations.":[218],"These":[219],"results":[220],"demonstrate":[221],"offers":[224],"practical":[226],"solution":[229],"next-generation":[231],"systems.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T06:22:10.598206","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}
