{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131680096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343","title":"UnlinkableDFL: A Framework for Network-Layer Unlinkability in Decentralized Federated Learning","display_name":"UnlinkableDFL: A Framework for Network-Layer Unlinkability in Decentralized Federated Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131680096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126861622","display_name":"Chao Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng, Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035002725","display_name":"Thomas Gr\u00fcbl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2834-3489"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grubl, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071602128","display_name":"Jan von der Assen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-8887"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"von der Assen, Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107763801","display_name":"Sandrin Raphael Hunkeler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hunkeler, Sandrin Raphael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126941241","display_name":"Linn Anna Spitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spitz, Linn Anna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125428035","display_name":"G\u00e9r\u00f4me Bovet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bovet, Gerome","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126917221","display_name":"Burkhard Stiller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stiller, Burkhard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22172891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7570000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7570000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-resource","display_name":"Shared resource","score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","score":0.36419999599456787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5485000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205875254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156857","display_name":"Decentralised system","level":3,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.21343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decentralized":[0],"Federated":[1,10],"Learning":[2],"(DFL)":[3],"removes":[4],"the":[5,134,173,176],"central":[6],"aggregator":[7],"of":[8,175],"conventional":[9],"Learning,":[11],"but":[12],"peer-to-peer":[13],"model":[14,39,61],"exchange":[15],"still":[16],"exposes":[17],"network":[18],"traces:":[19],"who":[20],"communicates,":[21],"when":[22,112],"fragments":[23,95],"move,":[24],"and":[25,41,55,70,81,93,107,110,125,148,156,166,185,192],"which":[26,47],"packets":[27,69],"correlate":[28],"across":[29],"rounds.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"studies":[33],"network-layer":[34,152,177,183],"sender--message":[35],"linkability":[36],"for":[37],"DFL":[38],"sharing":[40],"presents":[42],"UnlinkableDFL,":[43],"a":[44,53,56,73,143],"framework":[45],"in":[46],"every":[48],"participant":[49],"acts":[50],"as":[51],"both":[52],"learner":[54],"peer-based":[57],"mix":[58],"relay.":[59],"Shareable":[60],"states":[62],"are":[63],"split":[64],"into":[65],"uniform,":[66],"onion-encrypted":[67],"fragment":[68],"carried":[71],"over":[72,91],"peer-run":[74],"mixnet":[75],"with":[76],"cover":[77],"traffic,":[78],"randomized":[79],"delays,":[80],"independently":[82],"sampled":[83],"multi-hop":[84],"paths.":[85],"Nodes":[86],"then":[87],"perform":[88],"fragmented":[89],"aggregation":[90,114],"local":[92],"received":[94],"without":[96],"sender":[97],"identities.":[98],"The":[99],"analysis":[100],"bounds":[101],"sender-linking":[102],"probability":[103],"through":[104],"route":[105],"uncertainty":[106],"relay":[108,149],"shuffles,":[109],"characterizes":[111],"fragment-level":[113],"preserves":[115],"FedAvg-style":[116],"behavior.":[117],"A":[118,169],"prototype":[119],"implements":[120],"QUIC":[121],"transport,":[122],"Sphinx-style":[123],"packets,":[124],"Single-Use":[126],"Reply":[127],"Block":[128],"(SURB)":[129],"acknowledgments.":[130],"Experiments":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133],"design":[135],"sustains":[136],"learning":[137],"under":[138],"sparse":[139],"deployment":[140],"while":[141],"exposing":[142],"privacy--cost":[144],"trade-off:":[145],"path":[146],"diversity":[147],"mixing":[150],"raise":[151],"uncertainty,":[153],"whereas":[154],"delay":[155],"forwarding":[157],"dominate":[158],"overhead.":[159],"Stress":[160],"tests":[161],"confirm":[162],"robustness":[163],"to":[164],"churn":[165],"Byzantine":[167],"updates.":[168],"curious-recipient":[170],"attack":[171,198],"marks":[172],"boundary":[174],"guarantee,":[178],"where":[179],"payload-level":[180],"fingerprints":[181],"survive":[182],"anonymization":[184],"need":[186],"complementary":[187],"defenses,":[188],"although":[189],"partial":[190],"updates":[191],"more":[193],"IID":[194],"data":[195],"weaken":[196],"this":[197],"surface.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}
