{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131411983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","title":"LLM-enabled Applications Require System-Level Threat Monitoring","display_name":"LLM-enabled Applications Require System-Level Threat Monitoring","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131411983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046247329","display_name":"Yedi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1005-2114"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yedi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126801119","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Haoyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126279726","display_name":"Xianglin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Xianglin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126827355","display_name":"Jin Song Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Jin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126798636","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.20149999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.20149999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.1386999934911728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.11909999698400497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8004000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.3928000032901764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8004000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6395000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.19844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LLM-enabled":[0,129],"applications":[1,130],"are":[2],"rapidly":[3],"reshaping":[4],"the":[5,33,39,79],"software":[6],"ecosystem":[7],"by":[8],"using":[9],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12],"as":[13,65,131],"core":[14],"reasoning":[15],"components":[16],"for":[17,134,140],"complex":[18],"task":[19],"execution.":[20],"This":[21],"paradigm":[22],"shift,":[23],"however,":[24],"introduces":[25],"fundamentally":[26],"new":[27],"reliability":[28],"challenges":[29],"and":[30,42,53,100,122,137],"significantly":[31],"expands":[32],"security":[34,126],"attack":[35],"surface,":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38,82],"non-deterministic,":[40],"learning-driven,":[41],"difficult-to-verify":[43],"nature":[44],"of":[45,50,125],"LLM":[46],"behavior.":[47],"In":[48],"light":[49],"these":[51],"emerging":[52],"unavoidable":[54],"safety":[55],"challenges,":[56],"we":[57],"argue":[58],"that":[59,97],"such":[60],"risks":[61],"should":[62],"be":[63],"treated":[64],"expected":[66],"operational":[67],"conditions":[68],"rather":[69],"than":[70],"exceptional":[71],"events,":[72],"necessitating":[73],"a":[74,132,138],"dedicated":[75,141],"incident-response":[76,142],"perspective.":[77],"Consequently,":[78],"primary":[80],"barrier":[81],"trustworthy":[83],"deployment":[84,105],"is":[85],"not":[86],"further":[87],"improving":[88],"model":[89],"capability":[90],"but":[91],"establishing":[92],"system-level":[93],"threat":[94],"monitoring":[95,124],"mechanisms":[96],"can":[98],"detect":[99],"contextualize":[101],"security-relevant":[102],"anomalies":[103],"after":[104],"--":[106],"an":[107],"aspect":[108],"largely":[109],"underexplored":[110],"beyond":[111],"testing":[112],"or":[113],"guardrail-based":[114],"defenses.":[115],"Accordingly,":[116],"this":[117],"position":[118],"paper":[119],"advocates":[120],"systematic":[121],"comprehensive":[123],"threats":[127],"in":[128],"prerequisite":[133],"reliable":[135],"operation":[136],"foundation":[139],"frameworks.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-26T00:00:00"}
