{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131080433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254","title":"m^3TrackFormer: Transformer-based mmWave Multi-Target Tracking with Lost Target Re-Acquisition Capability","display_name":"m^3TrackFormer: Transformer-based mmWave Multi-Target Tracking with Lost Target Re-Acquisition Capability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131080433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088679847","display_name":"Chunhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-3930"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Tongkai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126618633","display_name":"Weifeng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Weifeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126604158","display_name":"Shuowen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Shuowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126624376","display_name":"Jiannong Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Jiannong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126590848","display_name":"Shuguang Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui, Shuguang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126591078","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15655566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.569100022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.569100022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.23190000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.03849999979138374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.37470000982284546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.18254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"a":[3,14,20,26,92,101,180,220],"millimeter":[4],"wave":[5],"(mmWave)":[6],"integrated":[7],"sensing":[8,120],"and":[9,59,75,147,195,238,263],"communication":[10],"(ISAC)":[11],"system,":[12],"where":[13],"base":[15],"station":[16],"(BS)":[17],"equipped":[18],"with":[19,87,100,130,179,219,270],"large":[21],"number":[22,28],"of":[23,29,40,70,144,192,242,250],"antennas":[24],"but":[25],"small":[27,131],"radio-frequency":[30],"(RF)":[31],"chains":[32],"emits":[33],"pencillike":[34],"narrow":[35],"beams":[36,58,199],"for":[37,232],"persistent":[38],"tracking":[39,48,96,146,152,158,207,241,272],"multiple":[41],"moving":[42],"targets.":[43,245],"Under":[44],"this":[45,88],"model,":[46],"the":[47,53,56,60,68,71,76,109,136,151,157,167,170,174,190,197,201,206,210,215,228,235,240,243,248,255,266],"lost":[49,159,208,236,267],"issue":[50],"arising":[51],"from":[52,112],"misalignment":[54],"between":[55],"pencil-like":[57],"true":[61],"target":[62,148],"positions":[63,191],"is":[64],"inevitable,":[65],"especially":[66],"when":[67],"trajectories":[69],"targets":[72,114,163,194,237],"are":[73,115,123,164],"complex,":[74],"conventional":[77],"Kalman":[78],"filter-based":[79],"scheme":[80],"does":[81],"not":[82],"work":[83],"well.":[84],"To":[85],"deal":[86],"issue,":[89],"we":[90,122],"propose":[91],"Transformer-based":[93],"mmWave":[94],"multi-target":[95],"framework,":[97],"namely":[98],"m3TrackFormer,":[99],"novel":[102],"re-acquisition":[103,149],"mechanism,":[104],"such":[105],"that":[106],"even":[107],"if":[108],"echo":[110],"signals":[111],"some":[113],"too":[116],"weak":[117],"to":[118,125,187,214,226,247],"extract":[119],"information,":[121],"able":[124],"re-acquire":[126,265],"their":[127],"locations":[128],"quickly":[129,264],"beam":[132,229,260],"sweeping":[133,230],"overhead.":[134],"Specifically,":[135],"proposed":[137],"framework":[138,171,211],"can":[139,257],"operate":[140],"in":[141,173,200],"two":[142],"modes":[143],"normal":[145],"during":[150],"procedure,":[153],"depending":[154],"on":[155],"whether":[156],"occurs.":[160],"When":[161],"all":[162],"hit":[165],"by":[166],"swept":[168,198],"beams,":[169],"works":[172],"Normal":[175,183],"Tracking":[176,184],"Mode":[177,217],"(N-Mode)":[178],"Transformer":[181,221],"encoder-based":[182],"Network":[185,224],"(N-Net)":[186],"accurately":[188],"estimate":[189],"these":[193],"predict":[196],"next":[202],"time":[203],"block.":[204],"While":[205],"happens,":[209],"will":[212],"switch":[213],"Re-Acquisition":[216,223],"(R-Mode)":[218],"decoder-based":[222],"(RNet)":[225],"adjust":[227],"strategy":[231],"getting":[233],"back":[234],"maintaining":[239],"remaining":[244],"Thanks":[246],"ability":[249],"global":[251],"trajectory":[252],"feature":[253],"extraction,":[254],"m3TrackFormer":[256],"achieve":[258],"high":[259],"prediction":[261],"accuracy":[262],"targets,":[268],"compared":[269],"other":[271],"methods.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}