{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131082351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954","title":"Graph-Neural Multi-Agent Coordination for Distributed Access-Point Selection in Cell-Free Massive MIMO","display_name":"Graph-Neural Multi-Agent Coordination for Distributed Access-Point Selection in Cell-Free Massive MIMO","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131082351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084843411","display_name":"Mohammad Zangooei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6657-0677"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zangooei, Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029552750","display_name":"Lou Sala\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-0435"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sala\u00fcn, Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082908618","display_name":"Chung Shue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-2369"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Chung Shue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126584036","display_name":"Raouf Boutaba","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boutaba, Raouf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.6800000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.6800000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.10499999672174454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.023399999365210533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.3492000102996826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6381999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"massive":[1],"MIMO":[2],"(CFmMIMO)":[3],"systems":[4],"require":[5],"scalable":[6,63,143,233],"and":[7,17,95,102,127,142,153,175,190,222,232],"reliable":[8],"distributed":[9,64,223],"coordination":[10,144],"mechanisms":[11],"to":[12,32,98,111,205,218],"operate":[13],"under":[14],"stringent":[15],"communication":[16],"latency":[18,212],"constraints.":[19],"A":[20],"central":[21],"challenge":[22],"is":[23,158],"the":[24,34,75,156,180],"Access":[25,38],"Point":[26],"Selection":[27],"(APS)":[28],"problem,":[29],"which":[30],"seeks":[31],"determine":[33],"subset":[35],"of":[36,77,117,208],"serving":[37],"Points":[39],"(APs)":[40],"for":[41,235],"each":[42],"User":[43],"Equipment":[44],"(UE)":[45],"that":[46,68,177],"can":[47],"satisfy":[48],"UEs'":[49],"Spectral":[50],"Efficiency":[51],"(SE)":[52],"requirements":[53],"while":[54,183],"minimizing":[55],"network":[56],"power":[57,128],"consumption.":[58],"We":[59,169],"introduce":[60],"APS-GNN,":[61],"a":[62,88,106,125,131,165,171,230],"multi-agent":[65],"learning":[66,109,163],"framework":[67],"decomposes":[69],"APS":[70,167,236],"into":[71],"agents":[72,113],"operating":[73],"at":[74],"granularity":[76],"individual":[78],"AP-UE":[79],"connections.":[80],"Agents":[81],"coordinate":[82],"via":[83,160],"local":[84],"observation":[85],"exchange":[86],"over":[87],"novel":[89],"Graph":[90],"Neural":[91],"Network":[92],"(GNN)":[93],"architecture":[94],"share":[96],"parameters":[97],"reuse":[99],"their":[100],"knowledge":[101],"experience.":[103],"APS-GNN":[104,178,202,228],"adopts":[105],"constrained":[107],"reinforcement":[108],"approach":[110],"provide":[112],"with":[114],"explicit":[115],"observability":[116],"APS'":[118],"conflicting":[119],"objectives,":[120],"treating":[121],"SE":[122,182],"satisfaction":[123],"as":[124,130,229],"cost":[126],"reduction":[129],"reward.":[132],"Both":[133],"signals":[134],"are":[135],"defined":[136],"locally,":[137],"facilitating":[138],"effective":[139],"credit":[140],"assignment":[141],"in":[145,197,237],"large":[146],"networks.":[147,240],"To":[148],"further":[149],"improve":[150],"training":[151],"stability":[152],"exploration":[154],"efficiency,":[155],"policy":[157],"initialized":[159],"supervised":[161],"imitation":[162],"from":[164],"heuristic":[166,189],"baseline.":[168],"develop":[170],"realistic":[172],"CFmMIMO":[173,239],"simulator":[174],"demonstrate":[176],"delivers":[179],"target":[181],"activating":[184],"50-70%":[185],"fewer":[186],"APs":[187],"than":[188,213],"centralized":[191,214],"Multi-agent":[192],"Reinforcement":[193],"Learning":[194],"(MARL)":[195],"baselines":[196],"different":[198],"evaluation":[199],"scenarios.":[200],"Moreover,":[201],"achieves":[203],"one":[204],"two":[206],"orders":[207],"magnitude":[209],"lower":[210],"inference":[211],"MARL":[215],"approaches":[216],"due":[217],"its":[219],"fully":[220],"parallel":[221],"execution.":[224],"These":[225],"results":[226],"establish":[227],"practical":[231],"solution":[234],"large-scale":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}