{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130687306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321","title":"The Sound of Death: Deep Learning Reveals Vascular Damage from Carotid Ultrasound","display_name":"The Sound of Death: Deep Learning Reveals Vascular Damage from Carotid Ultrasound","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130687306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053763303","display_name":"Christoph Balada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-7866"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Balada, Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008174888","display_name":"Aida Romano-Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romano-Martinez, Aida","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104282900","display_name":"Payal Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6571-6134"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varshney, Payal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048397601","display_name":"Vincent ten Cate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-8442"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cate, Vincent ten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563716","display_name":"Katharina Geschke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7311-0049"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geschke, Katharina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029709371","display_name":"Jonas Tesarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-7778"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tesarz, Jonas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013868264","display_name":"Paul Cla\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-0525"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cla\u00dfen, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045713002","display_name":"Alexander K. Schuster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-3599"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schuster, Alexander K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090306365","display_name":"Dativa Tibyampansha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2510-2113"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibyampansha, Dativa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046673958","display_name":"Karl\u2010Patrik Kresoja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-6751"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kresoja, Karl-Patrik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126500563","display_name":"Philipp S. Wild","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wild, Philipp S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126462333","display_name":"Sheraz Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed, Sheraz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dengel, Andreas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengel, Andreas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053763303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.40529999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.40529999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.3479999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12979","display_name":"Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemodynamics","display_name":"Hemodynamics","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-arteries","display_name":"Carotid arteries","score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.34790000319480896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987047532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214275","display_name":"Carotid arteries","level":2,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266890","display_name":"Vascular disease","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529618451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasonography","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7834868431091309,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"diseases":[1],"(CVDs)":[2],"remain":[3],"the":[4,114],"leading":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,51,130],"mortality":[8],"worldwide,":[9],"yet":[10],"early":[11],"risk":[12,82,104,160],"detection":[13],"is":[14,35],"often":[15],"limited":[16],"by":[17],"available":[18],"diagnostics.":[19],"Carotid":[20],"ultrasound,":[21],"a":[22,41,62,151],"non-invasive":[23],"and":[24,31,76,85,97,120,127,154,164],"widely":[25],"accessible":[26],"modality,":[27],"encodes":[28],"rich":[29],"structural":[30],"hemodynamic":[32],"information":[33,144],"that":[34,46,71,113,136],"largely":[36],"untapped.":[37],"Here,":[38],"we":[39],"present":[40],"machine":[42],"learning":[43],"(ML)":[44],"framework":[45],"extracts":[47],"clinically":[48],"meaningful":[49],"representations":[50],"vascular":[52,131],"damage":[53],"(VD)":[54],"from":[55],"carotid":[56,138],"ultrasound":[57,139],"videos,":[58],"using":[59],"hypertension":[60],"as":[61,107],"weak":[63],"proxy":[64],"label.":[65],"The":[66],"model":[67,115],"learns":[68],"robust":[69],"features":[70],"are":[72],"biologically":[73],"plausible,":[74],"interpretable,":[75],"strongly":[77],"associated":[78],"with":[79],"established":[80],"cardiovascular":[81,159],"factors,":[83],"comorbidities,":[84],"laboratory":[86,172],"measures.":[87],"High":[88],"VD":[89],"stratifies":[90],"individuals":[91],"for":[92,157],"myocardial":[93],"infarction,":[94],"cardiac":[95],"death,":[96],"all-cause":[98],"mortality,":[99],"matching":[100],"or":[101,174],"outperforming":[102],"conventional":[103],"models":[105],"such":[106],"SCORE2.":[108],"Explainable":[109],"AI":[110],"analyses":[111],"reveal":[112],"relies":[116],"on":[117,171],"vessel":[118],"morphology":[119],"perivascular":[121],"tissue":[122],"characteristics,":[123],"uncovering":[124],"novel":[125],"functional":[126],"anatomical":[128],"signatures":[129],"damage.":[132],"This":[133],"work":[134],"demonstrates":[135],"routine":[137],"contains":[140],"far":[141],"more":[142,165],"prognostic":[143],"than":[145],"previously":[146],"recognized.":[147],"Our":[148],"approach":[149],"provides":[150],"scalable,":[152],"non-invasive,":[153],"cost-effective":[155],"tool":[156],"population-wide":[158],"assessment,":[161],"enabling":[162],"earlier":[163],"personalized":[166],"prevention":[167],"strategies":[168],"without":[169],"reliance":[170],"tests":[173],"complex":[175],"clinical":[176],"inputs.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}