{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130729999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","title":"Web Verbs: Typed Abstractions for Reliable Task Composition on the Agentic Web","display_name":"Web Verbs: Typed Abstractions for Reliable Task Composition on the Agentic Web","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130729999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126488132","display_name":"Linxi Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Linxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126451010","display_name":"Rui Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi, Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126453650","display_name":"Zhijie Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126468390","display_name":"Shuo Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Shuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lin, Zhiqiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Zhiqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024224291","display_name":"Suman Nath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-9756"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nath, Suman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126488132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.3043000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.3043000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.06369999796152115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5580999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-semantic-web","display_name":"Social Semantic Web","score":0.397599995136261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.823199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5580999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534406577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7550843","display_name":"Social Semantic Web","level":3,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147358964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200992","display_name":"Abstraction layer","level":3,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5894958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297769","display_name":"Software agent","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130436687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978591","display_name":"Web modeling","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162005631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Data Web","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145428669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471748","display_name":"Exception handling","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167379230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026884","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.17245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Web":[1],"is":[2],"evolving":[3],"from":[4],"a":[5,30,77,87,100,174,190,210],"medium":[6],"that":[7,71,95,119,197],"humans":[8],"browse":[9],"to":[10,57,138,204,214],"an":[11],"environment":[12],"where":[13],"software":[14],"agents":[15,40,120],"act":[16],"on":[17,42],"behalf":[18],"of":[19,90,171],"users.":[20],"Advances":[21],"in":[22],"large":[23],"language":[24,29],"models":[25],"(LLMs)":[26],"make":[27,215],"natural":[28],"practical":[31],"interface":[32],"for":[33,67,80,212],"goal-directed":[34],"tasks,":[35],"yet":[36],"most":[37],"current":[38],"web":[39,74,81,221],"operate":[41],"low-level":[43],"primitives":[44],"such":[45,62],"as":[46,63,114],"clicks":[47],"and":[48,55,116,124,133,141,147,157,178,183,193,200,218],"keystrokes.":[49],"These":[50,111],"operations":[51],"are":[52],"brittle,":[53],"inefficient,":[54],"difficult":[56],"verify.":[58],"Complementing":[59],"content-oriented":[60],"efforts":[61],"NLWeb's":[64],"semantic":[65,78],"layer":[66,79],"retrieval,":[68],"we":[69,208],"argue":[70],"the":[72],"agentic":[73],"also":[75],"requires":[76],"actions.":[82],"We":[83,186],"propose":[84],"\\textbf{Web":[85],"Verbs},":[86],"web-scale":[88],"set":[89],"typed,":[91],"semantically":[92],"documented":[93],"functions":[94],"expose":[96],"site":[97],"capabilities":[98],"through":[99,105,180],"uniform":[101],"interface,":[102],"whether":[103],"implemented":[104],"APIs":[106],"or":[107],"robust":[108,201],"client-side":[109],"workflows.":[110],"verbs":[112,216],"serve":[113],"stable":[115,165],"composable":[117],"units":[118],"can":[121,151],"discover,":[122],"select,":[123],"synthesize":[125,139],"into":[126,173],"concise":[127,199],"programs.":[128],"This":[129],"abstraction":[130],"unifies":[131],"API-based":[132],"browser-based":[134],"paradigms,":[135],"enabling":[136],"LLMs":[137],"reliable":[140],"auditable":[142],"workflows":[143],"with":[144],"explicit":[145],"control":[146],"data":[148],"flow.":[149],"Verbs":[150],"carry":[152],"preconditions,":[153],"postconditions,":[154],"policy":[155],"tags,":[156],"logging":[158],"support,":[159],"which":[160],"improves":[161],"\\textbf{reliability}":[162],"by":[163,168],"providing":[164],"interfaces,":[166],"\\textbf{efficiency}":[167],"reducing":[169],"dozens":[170],"steps":[172],"few":[175],"function":[176],"calls,":[177],"\\textbf{verifiability}":[179],"typed":[181],"contracts":[182],"checkable":[184],"traces.":[185],"present":[187],"our":[188],"vision,":[189],"proof-of-concept":[191],"implementation,":[192],"representative":[194],"case":[195],"studies":[196],"demonstrate":[198],"execution":[202],"compared":[203],"existing":[205],"agents.":[206],"Finally,":[207],"outline":[209],"roadmap":[211],"standardization":[213],"deployable":[217],"trustworthy":[219],"at":[220],"scale.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}