{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130566126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571","title":"Utility-Preserving De-Identification for Math Tutoring: Investigating Numeric Ambiguity in the MathEd-PII Benchmark Dataset","display_name":"Utility-Preserving De-Identification for Math Tutoring: Investigating Numeric Ambiguity in the MathEd-PII Benchmark Dataset","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130566126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123508488","display_name":"Zhuqian Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Zhuqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090326226","display_name":"Kirk Vanacore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-5721"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanacore, Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahtisham, Bakhtawar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahtisham, Bakhtawar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123499744","display_name":"Jinsook Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jinsook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119217587","display_name":"Doug Pietrzak","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietrzak, Doug","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126386609","display_name":"Daryl Hedley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hedley, Daryl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019762486","display_name":"Jorge Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-6900"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dias, Jorge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126383788","display_name":"Chris Shaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaw, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126383507","display_name":"Ruth Sch\u00e4fer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sch\u00e4fer, Ruth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124971116","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 F. Kizilcec","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kizilcec, Ren\u00e9 F.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123508488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.5098999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.5098999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.06390000134706497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7365999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.7253000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.43290001153945923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7365999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7253000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22367795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625208","display_name":"Structured prediction","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.817868709564209,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"sharing":[1],"of":[2,11],"dialogue-based":[3],"data":[4,207],"is":[5],"instrumental":[6],"for":[7,87,205],"advancing":[8],"the":[9,76,83,171],"science":[10],"teaching":[12],"and":[13,49,80,104,156,162,200],"learning,":[14],"yet":[15],"rigorous":[16],"de-identification":[17,184,204],"remains":[18],"a":[19,96,123,143,153,197],"major":[20],"barrier.":[21],"In":[22],"mathematics":[23],"tutoring":[24,63,92,112,206],"transcripts,":[25],"numeric":[26,140,179],"expressions":[27],"frequently":[28],"resemble":[29],"structured":[30],"identifiers":[31],"(e.g.,":[32],"dates":[33],"or":[34],"IDs),":[35],"leading":[36],"generic":[37],"Personally":[38],"Identifiable":[39],"Information":[40],"(PII)":[41],"detection":[42,89,151],"systems":[43],"to":[44,189],"over-redact":[45],"core":[46],"instructional":[47],"content":[48],"reduce":[50],"dataset":[51,86,109],"utility.":[52,69,192],"This":[53,193],"work":[54,194],"asks":[55],"how":[56],"PII":[57,88,120,131],"can":[58],"be":[59],"detected":[60],"in":[61,90,136],"math":[62,91],"transcripts":[64],"while":[65,177],"preserving":[66],"their":[67],"educational":[68],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72],"challenge,":[73],"we":[74,127],"investigate":[75],"\"numeric":[77],"ambiguity\"":[78],"problem":[79],"introduce":[81],"MathEd-PII,":[82],"first":[84],"benchmark":[85,199],"dialogues,":[93],"created":[94],"through":[95],"human-in-the-loop":[97],"LLM":[98],"workflow":[99],"that":[100,129,183,202],"audits":[101],"upstream":[102],"redactions":[103,132],"generates":[105],"privacy-preserving":[106],"surrogates.":[107],"The":[108],"contains":[110],"1,000":[111],"sessions":[113],"(115,620":[114],"messages;":[115],"769,628":[116],"tokens)":[117],"with":[118,159],"validated":[119],"annotations.":[121],"Using":[122],"density-based":[124],"segmentation":[125],"method,":[126],"show":[128],"false":[130,180],"are":[133],"disproportionately":[134],"concentrated":[135],"math-dense":[137],"regions,":[138],"confirming":[139],"ambiguity":[141],"as":[142],"key":[144],"failure":[145],"mode.":[146],"We":[147],"then":[148],"compare":[149],"four":[150],"strategies:":[152],"Presidio":[154],"baseline":[155,172],"LLM-based":[157],"approaches":[158],"basic,":[160],"math-aware,":[161],"segment-aware":[163],"prompting.":[164],"Math-aware":[165],"prompting":[166],"substantially":[167],"improves":[168],"performance":[169],"over":[170],"(F1:":[173],"0.821":[174],"vs.":[175],"0.379)":[176],"reducing":[178],"positives,":[181],"demonstrating":[182],"must":[185],"incorporate":[186],"domain":[187],"context":[188],"preserve":[190],"analytic":[191],"provides":[195],"both":[196],"new":[198],"evidence":[201],"utility-preserving":[203],"requires":[208],"domain-aware":[209],"modeling.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}
