{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130566392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","title":"MARLEM: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Simulation Framework for Implicit Cooperation in Decentralized Local Energy Markets","display_name":"MARLEM: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Simulation Framework for Implicit Cooperation in Decentralized Local Energy Markets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130566392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092915003","display_name":"Nelson Salazar-Pe\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7636-4150"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salazar-Pena, Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088898695","display_name":"Alejandra Tabares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6630-5582"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tabares, Alejandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124181233","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Gonz\u00e1lez-Mancera","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalez-Mancera, Andres","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.6434999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.6434999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.04529999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5723000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.33809998631477356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7282000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5723000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14981831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713661","display_name":"Market clearing","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776849302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239166","display_name":"Energy market","level":3,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205875254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156857","display_name":"Decentralised system","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.16063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,138],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,17,27,35,50,55,67,113,158],"novel,":[4],"open-source":[5],"MARL":[6],"simulation":[7,155],"framework":[8,33,156],"for":[9,30,100,164,174],"studying":[10],"implicit":[11,72],"cooperation":[12],"in":[13,112,117],"LEMs,":[14],"modeled":[15],"as":[16,26,131],"decentralized":[18,177],"partially":[19],"observable":[20],"Markov":[21],"decision":[22],"process":[23],"and":[24,54,77,98,149,161,166,171],"implemented":[25],"Gymnasium":[28],"environment":[29],"MARL.":[31],"Our":[32],"features":[34],"modular":[36],"market":[37,128,147],"platform":[38],"with":[39,81],"plug-and-play":[40],"clearing":[41],"mechanisms,":[42],"physically":[43],"constrained":[44],"agent":[45],"models":[46],"(including":[47],"battery":[48],"storage),":[49],"realistic":[51],"grid":[52,151],"network,":[53],"comprehensive":[56],"analytics":[57],"suite":[58],"to":[59,70,86,89,124,142,168],"evaluate":[60],"emergent":[61,144],"coordination.":[62],"The":[63,153],"main":[64],"contribution":[65],"is":[66,157],"novel":[68],"method":[69],"foster":[71],"cooperation,":[73],"where":[74],"agents'":[75],"observations":[76],"rewards":[78],"are":[79],"enhanced":[80],"system-level":[82],"key":[83],"performance":[84],"indicators":[85],"enable":[87],"them":[88],"independently":[90],"learn":[91],"strategies":[92,173],"that":[93],"benefit":[94],"the":[95,121],"entire":[96],"system":[97,136],"aim":[99],"collectively":[101],"beneficial":[102],"outcomes":[103],"without":[104],"explicit":[105],"communication.":[106],"Through":[107],"representative":[108],"case":[109],"studies":[110],"(available":[111],"dedicated":[114],"GitHub":[115],"repository":[116],"https://github.com/salazarna/marlem,":[118],"we":[119],"show":[120],"framework's":[122],"ability":[123],"analyze":[125],"how":[126],"different":[127],"configurations":[129],"(such":[130],"varying":[132],"storage":[133],"deployment)":[134],"impact":[135],"performance.":[137],"illustrates":[139],"its":[140],"potential":[141],"facilitate":[143],"coordination,":[145],"improve":[146],"efficiency,":[148],"strengthen":[150],"stability.":[152],"proposed":[154],"flexible,":[159],"extensible,":[160],"reproducible":[162],"tool":[163],"researchers":[165],"practitioners":[167],"design,":[169],"test,":[170],"validate":[172],"future":[175],"intelligent,":[176],"energy":[178],"systems.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}
