{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129996202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","title":"Robustness Verification of Binary Neural Networks: An Ising and Quantum-Inspired Framework","display_name":"Robustness Verification of Binary Neural Networks: An Ising and Quantum-Inspired Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129996202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126232808","display_name":"Rahul Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Singh, Rahul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089988900","display_name":"Seyran Saeedi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeedi, Seyran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126259944","display_name":"Zheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.2971999943256378,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.2971999943256378,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.26510000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.16840000450611115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6381000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-model","display_name":"Ising model","score":0.5809000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-annealing","display_name":"Quantum annealing","score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.45809999108314514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6722999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6381000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51329190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising model","level":2,"score":0.5809000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938141","display_name":"Quantum annealing","level":4,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864155","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134444547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585230","display_name":"Boolean network","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111797529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17080584","display_name":"Maximum satisfiability problem","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.13536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8897214531898499,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binary":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(BNNs)":[3],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"deployed":[6],"in":[7],"edge":[8],"computing":[9,145,148],"applications":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,93],"their":[13],"low":[14],"hardware":[15],"complexity":[16],"and":[17,51,81,95,120,134,146],"high":[18],"energy":[19,116],"efficiency.":[20],"However,":[21],"verifying":[22],"the":[23,37,100,110,126,141],"robustness":[24,56,68],"of":[25,65,102,128,143],"BNNs":[26],"against":[27],"input":[28],"perturbations,":[29],"including":[30],"adversarial":[31],"attacks,":[32],"remains":[33],"computationally":[34],"challenging":[35],"because":[36],"underlying":[38],"decision":[39],"problem":[40,80],"is":[41],"inherently":[42],"combinatorial.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,103,129],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"an":[49],"Ising-":[50],"quantum-inspired":[52,96,144],"framework":[53,130],"for":[54,61],"BNN":[55,66],"verification.":[57],"We":[58,98,123],"show":[59,125],"that,":[60],"a":[62,74,85,114,150],"broad":[63],"class":[64],"architectures,":[67],"verification":[69],"can":[70],"be":[71],"formulated":[72],"as":[73,149],"Quadratic":[75,86],"Constrained":[76],"Boolean":[77,88],"Optimization":[78,89],"(QCBO)":[79],"subsequently":[82],"transformed":[83],"into":[84],"Unconstrained":[87],"(QUBO)":[90],"instance":[91],"amenable":[92],"Ising":[94,147],"solvers.":[97],"demonstrate":[99],"feasibility":[101],"formulation":[104],"on":[105,131],"binarized":[106],"MNIST":[107],"by":[108],"solving":[109],"resulting":[111],"QUBOs":[112],"with":[113],"free":[115],"machine":[117],"(FEM)":[118],"solver":[119],"simulated":[121],"annealing.":[122],"also":[124],"deployment":[127],"quantum":[132],"annealing":[133,136],"digital":[135],"platforms.":[137],"Our":[138],"results":[139],"highlight":[140],"potential":[142],"pathway":[151],"toward":[152],"trustworthy":[153],"AI":[154],"systems.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}