{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129079954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","title":"GeoAgent: Learning to Geolocate Everywhere with Reinforced Geographic Characteristics","display_name":"GeoAgent: Learning to Geolocate Everywhere with Reinforced Geographic Characteristics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129079954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120738461","display_name":"Modi Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Modi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126084088","display_name":"Yiming Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101221738","display_name":"Boyuan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Boyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126081001","display_name":"Dingwen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Dingwen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126101605","display_name":"MingMing Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, MingMing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123948518","display_name":"Qibin Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hou, Qibin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120738461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.28540000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.28540000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.13130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.07429999858140945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9053999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7656000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.3474000096321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9053999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7656000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6601999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61980418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2221906","display_name":"Location","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,97],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"GeoAgent,":[3],"a":[4,56,82,86,91,107,129],"model":[5,100],"capable":[6],"of":[7,32,77,116,131],"reasoning":[8,118,139],"closely":[9,141],"with":[10,45,143],"humans":[11],"and":[12,25,40,67,80,85,114,128],"deriving":[13],"fine-grained":[14],"address":[15,49],"conclusions.":[16],"Previous":[17],"RL-based":[18],"methods":[19,127],"have":[20],"achieved":[21],"breakthroughs":[22],"in":[23],"performance":[24],"interpretability":[26],"but":[27],"still":[28],"remain":[29],"concerns":[30],"because":[31],"their":[33],"reliance":[34],"on":[35],"AI-generated":[36],"chain-of-thought":[37],"(CoT)":[38],"data":[39,62],"training":[41],"strategies,":[42],"which":[43],"conflict":[44],"geographic":[46,65,78,108],"characteristics.":[47],"To":[48],"these":[50],"issues,":[51],"we":[52],"first":[53],"introduce":[54],"GeoSeek,":[55],"new":[57],"geolocation":[58],"dataset":[59],"comprising":[60],"CoT":[61],"annotated":[63],"by":[64,90],"experts":[66],"professional":[68],"players.":[69],"We":[70],"further":[71],"thoroughly":[72],"explore":[73],"the":[74,99,112],"inherent":[75],"characteristics":[76],"tasks":[79],"propose":[81],"geo-similarity":[83],"reward":[84,88],"consistency":[87,92,115],"assessed":[89],"agent":[93],"to":[94,101],"assist":[95],"training.":[96],"encourages":[98],"converge":[102],"towards":[103],"correct":[104],"answers":[105],"from":[106],"perspective":[109],"while":[110,137],"ensuring":[111],"integrity":[113],"its":[117],"process.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123,140],"GeoAgent":[124],"outperforms":[125],"existing":[126],"series":[130],"general":[132],"VLLMs":[133],"across":[134],"multiple":[135],"grains,":[136],"generating":[138],"aligns":[142],"humans.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-17T06:10:05.244387","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}
