{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129020831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579","title":"VI-CuRL: Stabilizing Verifier-Independent RL Reasoning via Confidence-Guided Variance Reduction","display_name":"VI-CuRL: Stabilizing Verifier-Independent RL Reasoning via Confidence-Guided Variance Reduction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129020831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029197051","display_name":"Xin-Qiang Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Xin-Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126089905","display_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sugiyama, Masashi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18016018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2912999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.2912999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.07569999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.0737999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.682699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"Variance reduction","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.43380001187324524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.682699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176248197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458526","display_name":"Probably approximately correct learning","level":4,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.12579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reinforcement":[0,77],"Learning":[1,78],"with":[2],"Verifiable":[3],"Rewards":[4],"(RLVR)":[5],"has":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9,57,80,90,117],"dominant":[10],"paradigm":[11],"for":[12],"enhancing":[13],"Large":[14],"Language":[15],"Models":[16],"(LLMs)":[17],"reasoning,":[18],"yet":[19],"its":[20,26],"reliance":[21],"on":[22],"external":[23,94],"verifiers":[24],"limits":[25],"scalability.":[27],"Recent":[28],"findings":[29],"suggest":[30],"that":[31,63,82,122],"RLVR":[32],"primarily":[33],"functions":[34],"by":[35],"eliciting":[36],"latent":[37],"capabilities,":[38],"motivating":[39],"the":[40,84,103,108],"development":[41],"of":[42,110],"verifier-free":[43],"algorithms.":[44],"However,":[45],"in":[46],"such":[47],"settings,":[48],"standard":[49],"methods":[50],"like":[51],"Group":[52],"Relative":[53],"Policy":[54],"Optimization":[55],"face":[56],"critical":[58],"challenge:":[59],"destructive":[60],"gradient":[61],"variance":[62],"often":[64],"leads":[65],"to":[66,88],"training":[67],"collapse.":[68],"To":[69],"address":[70],"this":[71],"issue,":[72],"we":[73],"introduce":[74],"Verifier-Independent":[75],"Curriculum":[76],"(VI-CuRL),":[79],"framework":[81],"leverages":[83],"model's":[85],"intrinsic":[86],"confidence":[87],"construct":[89],"curriculum":[91],"independent":[92],"from":[93],"verifiers.":[95,144],"By":[96],"prioritizing":[97],"high-confidence":[98],"samples,":[99],"VI-CuRL":[100,129],"effectively":[101],"manages":[102],"bias-variance":[104],"trade-off,":[105],"specifically":[106],"targeting":[107],"reduction":[109],"action":[111],"and":[112,132,139],"problem":[113],"variance.":[114],"We":[115],"provide":[116],"rigorous":[118],"theoretical":[119],"analysis,":[120],"proving":[121],"our":[123],"estimator":[124],"guarantees":[125],"asymptotic":[126],"unbiasedness.":[127],"Empirically,":[128],"promotes":[130],"stability":[131],"consistently":[133],"outperforms":[134],"verifier-dependent/independent":[135],"baselines":[136],"across":[137],"math":[138],"general":[140],"reasoning":[141],"benchmarks":[142],"with/without":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}